Left‐behind children in rural <scp>C</scp>hina experience higher levels of anxiety and poorer living conditions

Zhao, Xue; Chen, Jian; Chen, Ming-Chun; Lv, Xiaoling; Jiang, Yuhong; Sun, Yehuan

doi:10.1111/apa.12602

Cited by 122 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The observed relatively stronger effect of neglect was consistent with the result from an early study reporting the strongest influence of childhood neglect among various childhood adversities on adult personality pathology [77]. Being neglected in childhood might reflect a serious lack of care from close family members, most likely from own parents [12]. Such experiences at any point in childhood, especially in infancy, have a powerful and profound effect on the development of personality and life styles across the lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…There are relatively less comprehensive reports on these problems from Asia. But in China, for instance, a large amount of children in rural areas has to live apart from their parents who strive in big cities for job opportunities, being left behind and to a certain degree neglected by their parents [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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“…Zhao et al (2014) found that LBC who completed the SASC, reported lower quality of life (QOL) and greater neglect and physical abuse, compared to non-LBC.…”

Section: Emotional and Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Separation Age and Separation Duration Among Left-behind Children in China

Hui

Zhang

2015

soc behav pers

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Left-behind children (LBC) are those who continue to live in their hometown after one or both parents have left for occupational opportunities elsewhere. In this study, we examined the relationship between the age of the children at separation from parents (age), the duration of separation (time), and the behavioral and emotional status of the children. Participants (268 LBC and 228 non-LBC) in China completed the Youth Self Report (YSR), Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, and Children's Loneliness Scale. The results showed that LBC scored higher than the non-LBC on loneliness, behavior problems, and several YSR subscales. There was no main effect of age and time on loneliness or behavior problems, but there was an interaction effect of age and time on several YSR subscales. Our findings extend those of existing studies on the effects of parent-child separation in the LBC scenario.Keywords: left-behind children, parent-child separation, behavior problems, depression in children, loneliness in children, rural-to-urban migration in China.Left-behind children (LBC) are those who continue to live in their hometown after one or both of their parents have left for occupational opportunities (Ye & Murray, 2005). This definition reveals the essence of the LBC phenomenon as a type of prolonged parent-child separation, which results in a single parent or grandparent becoming the primary caregiver, and has been found to be SOCIAL

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“…Parental migration is found to be associated with loneliness [8–10], low self-esteem [11], depressive and anxiety symptoms [11–14], risk behaviors [15], poor school performance and early dropout [15–17]. Studies have reported that migration type (father-only, mother-only, or both-parent migration) and care arrangements [18–20], as well as child age [21, 22] and sex [15, 23] were important correlates of LBC’s mental health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impacts of parental migration on Chinese children’s psychosocial well-being: mitigating and exacerbating factors

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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PurposeProlonged separation from migrant parents raises concerns for the well-being of 60 million left behind children (LBC) in rural China. This study aimed to investigate the impact of current and previous parental migration on child psychosocial well-being, with a focus on emotional and behavioral outcomes, while considering factors in family care and support.MethodsChildren were recruited from schools in migrant-sending rural areas in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces by random stratified sampling. A self-administered questionnaire measured children’s psychosocial well-being, demographics, household characteristics, and social support. Multiple linear regression models examined the effects of parental migration and other factors on psychosocial difficulties.ResultsData from 1930 current, 907 previous, and 701 never LBC were included (mean age 12.4, SD 2.1). Adjusted models showed both previous and current parental migration was associated with significantly higher overall psychosocial difficulties, involving aspects of emotion, conduct, peer relationships, hyperactivity, and pro-social behaviors. Parental divorce and lack of available support demonstrated a strong association with greater total difficulties. While children in Guizhou had much worse psychosocial outcomes than those in Zhejiang, adjusted subgroup analysis showed similar magnitude of between-province disparities regardless of parental migration status. However, having divorced parents and lack of support were greater psychosocial risk factors for current and previous-LBC than for never LBC.ConclusionsParental migration has an independent, long-lasting adverse effect on children. Psychosocial well-being of LBC depends more on the relationship bonds between nuclear family members and the availability of support, rather than socioeconomic status.

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Left‐behind children in rural China experience higher levels of anxiety and poorer living conditions

Abstract: LBC have a relatively higher level of social anxiety and poorer living conditions than non-LBC, and there are differences in social anxiety, and its relevant factors, between the two groups.

Cited by 122 publications

References 12 publications

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of Separation Age and Separation Duration Among Left-behind Children in China

Long-term impacts of parental migration on Chinese children’s psychosocial well-being: mitigating and exacerbating factors

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