Left ventricular bands (false tendons): Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic delineation in children

Casta, Alfonso; Wolf, Wendy J.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(86)90147-x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In fact, in addition to the mechanical stretching causing musical murmurs or ratedependent ventricular premature beats, false tendons may give rise to a re-entry mechanism producing more severe arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (Gueron and Cohen, 1972;Abdulla et al, 1990). Casta and Wolf (1986) observed false tendons in 31 children by echocardiography and reported an hourglass configuration (figure of eight) of the left ventricular cavity in seven of these patients. Suwa et al (1984) described a similar finding in their series of patients with false tendons, especially of the transverse type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If false tendons are so common in human morphologic studies, why is the prevalence so variable in echocardiographic studies? In studies with children, the use of high-frequency transducers can provide a superior resolution that is helpful in prospective studies when the operator is specifically trained to identify false tendons; however, very thin false tendons are unlikely to be identified with echocardiography (Casta and Wolf, 1986;Malouf et al, 1986;Abdulla et al, 1990). Abdulla et al (1990) examined 100 hearts from consecutive autopsies and identified false tendons in 34 of 100 (34%); by echocardiography only 18% of these cases could be identified retrospectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

et al. 2003

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False tendons are thin, fibrous or fibromuscular structures that traverse the cavity of the left ventricle with no connection to the valvular cusps; they may be single or multiple. We retrospectively analyzed echocardiograms for the prevalence of false tendons in the hearts of 368 (231 male, 137 female) newborns, infants, and children (mean age = 6.28 +/- 4.32 years) who were referred for echocardiography because of suspected acquired or congenital heart disease, but in whom no cardiac pathology was found. In addition, we studied the prevalence of false tendons in 90 hearts from three species of animals (dog, sheep, goat) and eight cadaveric human hearts. In our echocardiographic study, false tendons were detected in 97 of 368 hearts (26.4%). In our gross morphologic studies, false tendons were observed in most of the animal and human hearts: they were present in 5 of 8 (62.5%) human hearts, 14 of 20 (70%) dog hearts, 41 of 50 (82%) sheep hearts, and 16 of 20 (80%) goat hearts. The overall prevalence in animal hearts was 71 of 90 (78.8%). Histologic examination showed the false tendons to be composed of cardiac muscle, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and Purkinje cells. The possible role of false tendons in innocent murmurs, cardiac rhythm disorders, or left ventricular dysfunction is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

et al. 2003

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“…Nishimura et al (1981) first reported visualization of FTs using the echocardiographic technique. Since that time, several studies have reported detection of FTs through the use of echocardiography (Ryssing et al, 1984;Casta et al, 1986;Abdulla et al, 1990;Kervancioglu et al, 2003). Although echocardiography has been proven to effectively detect the presence of some FTs, the sensitivity of this method for detection of FTs has yet to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False tendons: An endoscopic cadaveric approach

et al. 2006

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False tendons (FTs) have been extensively described and recognized by gross anatomic studies. However, in the clinical setting the recognition of FTs is limited to the use of echocardiography. We examined 200 formalin fixed adult hearts, with gross dissections. In addition, 90 of these specimens were also examined with ultrasonographic and endoscopic techniques. Gross examination was able to identify FTs in 128 (62%) specimens. The total number of FTs observed, was 248 and was classified into five types according to their location. In Type I (92, 37.1%) the FT was located between the posteromedial papillary muscle and the ventricular septum. In Type II (55, 22.1%) the FT was located between the two papillary muscles. Type III (41, 16.5%) was classified as an FT between the anterolateral papillary muscle and the ventricular septum. The FT in Type IV (31, 12.5%) was observed to connect between the ventricular septum and the free wall and lastly in Type V (29, 11.6%) the FTs were found to be weblike with three or more points of insertion. When using all three techniques (n = 90), gross dissection and endoscopy were able to identify FTs in 62.2% of specimens while echocardiographic imaging was only able to identify FTs in 27.7% of specimens. Of the 114 FTs detected grossly and endoscopically, echocardiography was only able to identify 46 (40.3%). Therefore, the overall sensitivity of echocardiography for detecting left ventricular FTs was only 40.3%, compared to 100% for endoscopy. Based upon the ability or lack thereof of echocardiography to detect certain topographical patterns, we have created a small series of subtypes for the FTs. Histologically, in 30% of the FTs, conduction tissue fiber was observed to be present, which may implicate them in the appearance of arrhythmias.

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“…Population studies have been performed by autopsy or 2-dimensional ultrasound. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The implication of FT for cardiac physiology is still unknown, and its association with some heart [19][20][21]26,27 has not been well determined; hence, there is no consensus that the finding has clinical implications. For this reason, we decided to undertake a complete review of FT by focusing our study on 4 fields to determine its prevalence and histologic, anatomic, and echocardiographic characteristics during the fetal stage and childhood years in order to understand if the entity correlates with heart disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of FT visualization in humans has been rising with technical improvements: the earliest studies report rates of 0.5% whereas current investigations have achieved up to 78%. [7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17] False tendon has been related to clinical signs, such as innocent murmur, [16][17][18] conduction and heart rate abnormalities, 19,20 cavitary thrombi, 21 and even infections, 22 although there is no consensus on the implication of FT in human physiology or disease. Its morphogenesis and embryonic origin are not well known, and prenatal imaging has been rare, with only a few reports of the condition observed during the fetal period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Study and Clinical Implications of Left Ventricular False Tendon. Is it Associated With Innocent Murmur in Children or Heart Disease?

Sánchez-Ferrer

Ferrer

Murcia

et al. 2015

Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

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Left ventricular bands (false tendons): Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic delineation in children

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

Echocardiographic and morphologic examination of left ventricular false tendons in human and animal hearts

False tendons: An endoscopic cadaveric approach

Basic Study and Clinical Implications of Left Ventricular False Tendon. Is it Associated With Innocent Murmur in Children or Heart Disease?

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