Leftward interhemispheric asymmetry of macaque monkey temporal lobe language area homolog is evident at the cytoarchitectural, but not gross anatomic level

Gannon, Patrick J.; Kheck, Nancy M.; Hof, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.041

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A tendency for a larger area Tpt in the posterior lateral region of the superior temporal gyrus was also purported to result in the asymmetric Sylvian fissure length observed in humans (Galaburda et al 1978). These studies suggest the existence of associated (Galaburda et al 1978), (b) macaque (Gannon et al 2008) and (c) chimpanzee (current study). The human profile was derived from published sketches by Galaburda et al (1978), which were aligned in two dimensions, warped and superimposed to create a two-dimensional probabilistic map.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In humans, furthermore, area Tpt's borders are also found outside of the planum surface, on the lateral part of the superior temporal gyrus. Similarly, in macaque monkeys and galagos, area Tpt has been described on the superior surface of the posterior superior temporal gyrus (Galaburda & Pandya 1983;Preuss & Goldman-Rakic 1991;Gannon et al 2008) and in macaques may often extend onto the inferolateral surface towards the superior temporal sulcus (Gannon et al 2008). A further variation reported only in humans, however, also finds area Tpt extending onto the parietal convexity (Galaburda et al 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The human profile was derived from published sketches by Galaburda et al (1978), which were aligned in two dimensions, warped and superimposed to create a two-dimensional probabilistic map. In a similar way, the extent of area Tpt in the macaque monkey is based on published lateral profiles from Gannon et al (2008). The lateral view in the chimpanzee is the rendered probabilistic map obtained from the 12 individuals used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among non-human primates, area Tpt has been identified in chimpanzees (Bailey et al 1950), macaque monkeys (von Bonin & Bailey 1947;Gannon et al 2008) and galagos (Preuss & Goldman-Rakic 1991) suggesting a first appearance of this homologue at least 50 -60 Ma in the primate lineage. The cytoarchitecture of area Tpt is characterized as a transitional type of cortex lying between the specialized parakoniocortical auditory region and the homotypical cortex of the inferior parietal lobule (Galaburda & Sanides 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wernicke's area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and its relation to the appearance of modern human language

et al. 2010

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Human language is distinctive compared with the communication systems of other species. Yet, several questions concerning its emergence and evolution remain unresolved. As a means of evaluating the neuroanatomical changes relevant to language that accompanied divergence from the last common ancestor of chimpanzees, bonobos and humans, we defined the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of area Tpt, a component of Wernicke's area, in 12 common chimpanzee brains and used designbased stereologic methods to estimate regional volumes, total neuron number and neuron density. In addition, we created a probabilistic map of the location of area Tpt in a template chimpanzee brain coordinate space. Our results show that chimpanzees display significant population-level leftward asymmetry of area Tpt in terms of neuron number, with volume asymmetry approaching significance. Furthermore, asymmetry in the number of neurons in area Tpt was positively correlated with asymmetry of neuron numbers in Brodmann's area 45, a component of Broca's frontal language region. Our findings support the conclusion that leftward asymmetry of Wernicke's area originated prior to the appearance of modern human language and before our divergence from the last common ancestor. Moreover, this study provides the first evidence of covariance between asymmetry of anterior and posterior cortical regions that in humans are important to language and other higher order cognitive functions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wernicke's area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and its relation to the appearance of modern human language

et al. 2010

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“…The only quantitative data on the organization of the inferior frontal gyrus are derived from studies of magnetic resonance images of gross anatomical features in chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas (Cantalupo and Hopkins, 2001). Although no comparative histological information exists for this cortical area in great apes, another language area in the temporal lobe (area Tpt), which has been found to be volumetrically asymmetric in macaques, despite the absence of a gross morphological asymmetry (Gannon et al, 2008), has been studied with respect to the vertical, or minicolumnar, organization of the cortex in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys (Buxhoeveden and Casanova, 2000;Buxhoeveden et al, 2001a,b).…”

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confidence: 97%

A comparative quantitative analysis of cytoarchitecture and minicolumnar organization in Broca's area in humans and great apes

Schenker

Buxhoeveden

Blackmon

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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Broca's area was identified in the inferior frontal gyrus of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan brains through direct cytoarchitectonic comparison with human brains. Across species, Broca's area comprises Brodmann's areas 44 and 45. We found that these areas exhibited similar cytoarchitectonic characteristics in all species examined. We analyzed the minicolumnar organization of cells in layer III of Broca's area in 11 human and 9 great ape specimens. A semiautomated method was used to analyze digitized images of histological sections stained for Nissl substance. Horizontal spacing distance and gray level index (GLI; or the area fraction occupied by cells) were quantified in all images. In contrast to area Tpt, the only cortical area for which comparative minicolumnar data have been published previously for humans and one of the great apes, we found no population-level asymmetry, for either horizontal spacing distance or GLI. Only human females exhibited a leftward asymmetry in GLI. GLI was lower in humans than in great apes (P < 0.001), allowing more space for connectivity in layer III. In humans, horizontal spacing distance was greater than in great apes but smaller relative to brain size.

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Neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Humans and Other Haplorrhine Primates

Raghanti

Conley

Sudduth

et al. 2012

American J Primatol

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We examined the distribution of neurons immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the posterior part of the superior temporal cortex (Brodmann's area 22 or area Tpt) of humans and nonhuman haplorrhine primates. NPY has been implicated in learning and memory and the density of NPY-expressing cortical neurons and axons is reduced in depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Due to the role that NPY plays in both cognition and neurodegenerative diseases, we tested the hypothesis that the density of cortical and interstitial neurons expressing NPY was increased in humans relative to other primate species. The study sample included great apes (chimpanzee and gorilla), Old World monkeys (pigtailed macaque, moor macaque, and baboon) and New World monkeys (squirrel monkey and capuchin). Stereologic methods were used to estimate the density of NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in layers I-VI of area Tpt and the subjacent white matter. Adjacent Nissl-stained sections were used to calculate local densities of all neurons. The ratio of NPY-ir neurons to total neurons within area Tpt and the total density of NPY-ir neurons within the white matter were compared among species. Overall, NPY-ir neurons represented only an average of 0.006% of the total neuron population. While there were significant differences among species, phylogenetic trends in NPY-ir neuron distributions were not observed and humans did not differ from other primates. However, variation among species warrants further investigation into the distribution of this neuromodulator system.

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Leftward interhemispheric asymmetry of macaque monkey temporal lobe language area homolog is evident at the cytoarchitectural, but not gross anatomic level

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Wernicke's area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and its relation to the appearance of modern human language

Wernicke's area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and its relation to the appearance of modern human language

A comparative quantitative analysis of cytoarchitecture and minicolumnar organization in Broca's area in humans and great apes

Neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Humans and Other Haplorrhine Primates

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