Legacy and Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in Bizerte Lagoon Murex (Hexaplex Trunculus): Levels and Human Health Risk Assessment

The use of an in vitro approach to assess marine invertebrate carboxylesterase responses to chemicals of environmental concern

“…In fact, it was in this portunid crustacean that this αNB-CE measure was the most sensitive one. Growing concern for plastics in the marine environment has revealed that microplastics (and consequently their additive components) are found in marine organisms such as molluscs (Abidli et al, 2019;Ben Ameur et al, 2020;Hermabessiere et al, 2019;Renzi et al, 2018) and crustaceans (Bordbar et al, 2018;Carreras-Colom et al, 2020;Carreras-Colom et al, 2018).…”

Photodegradation Kinetics and Solvent Effect of New Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRS) in Liquid Medium

“…The concentration levels of HBB, PBEB and PBT in the atmospheric environment has shown an upward trend [ 17 ]. Previous studies have shown that NBFRs are persistent, easy to bioaccumulate and highly toxic [ 18 ]. Moreover, PBEB has been included in the OSPAR list of priority controlled chemicals in the EU [ 10 ].…”

Full Characterization of the UV Hydrodebromination Products of the Current-Use Brominated Flame Retardants Hexabromobenzene, Pentabromotoluene, and Pentabromoethylbenzene

“…First-generation BFRs like polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were shown to exhibit adverse effects on living organisms including humans. − As a consequence, these classic BFRs were gradually banned and substituted with supposedly safer current-use brominated flame retardants (cuBFRs). This term includes “second-generation” BFRs like hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB). − For instance, PBT is currently used as an additive in different kinds of synthetic materials, while PBEB is particularly added to textiles and polyester thermoset resins . HBB is frequently added to plastic and electrical products, textiles, wood, and paper. , Although classified as low-production-volume (LPV) chemicals (manufacture below 1000 t/year), these cuBFRs were already detected in a wide range of environmental samples like marine mammals, eggs of birds, ,, sediments, , and homes. − Investigation of fat deposits in German kitchen hoods indicated that these three BFRs contributed with 15.9% of the BFRs detected in the samples, which was ∼2/3 the relevance of BDE 209 (23.9%) and more than other PBDEs (11.1%) .…”

“…This term includes “second-generation” BFRs like hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB). − For instance, PBT is currently used as an additive in different kinds of synthetic materials, while PBEB is particularly added to textiles and polyester thermoset resins . HBB is frequently added to plastic and electrical products, textiles, wood, and paper. , Although classified as low-production-volume (LPV) chemicals (manufacture below 1000 t/year), these cuBFRs were already detected in a wide range of environmental samples like marine mammals, eggs of birds, ,, sediments, , and homes. − Investigation of fat deposits in German kitchen hoods indicated that these three BFRs contributed with 15.9% of the BFRs detected in the samples, which was ∼2/3 the relevance of BDE 209 (23.9%) and more than other PBDEs (11.1%) . First toxicological studies indicated that HBB and PBT are capable of binding to and activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) albeit with a lower affinity than other BFRs .…”

“…9 HBB is frequently added to plastic and electrical products, textiles, wood, and paper. 7,10 Although classified as low-production-volume (LPV) chemicals (manufacture below 1000 t/year), 9 these cuBFRs were already detected in a wide range of environmental samples like marine mammals, 11 eggs of birds, 9,12,13 sediments, 9,14 and homes. 15−19 Investigation of fat deposits in German kitchen hoods indicated that these three BFRs contributed with 15.9% of the BFRs detected in the samples, which was ∼2/3 the relevance of BDE 209 (23.9%) and more than other PBDEs (11.1%).…”