Legacy and emerging organic pollutants in liver and plasma of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from waters surrounding the Faroe Islands

Hoydal, Katrin S.; Letcher, Robert J.; Blair, David A.; Dam, Maria; Lockyer, Christina; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.056

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, the fact that both HNPs and HFRs were detected in brain samples implies that they were able to surpass the BBB and reach the brain, which represents a new finding for some compounds such as Q1 and related PMBPs, MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, or Dec 603. Several factors, such as molecular weight, lipid solubility, geometry, halogenation degree, or polarity, are key factors to determine the BBB permeation capacity of a compound. , Besides, it has been described that these pollutants could enter the BBB via two possible mechanisms: a lipid-mediated free diffusion or carrier-/receptor-mediated transport . Due to the high lipophilicity of all molecules (SI Table S4), the first mechanism would explain why all the compounds can be found in brain even if their high molecular weight should be an impediment to penetrate through the BBB .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue distribution has been described as an important parameter to understand the migration and transformation processes of organic pollutants in biota, and also to identify which organs are the most exposed to the possible toxic effects of these compounds. , Despite the recent increase of the studies focusing on the toxicological properties of these compounds, information in marine mammals is still scarce, especially for the HNPs. Some examples of toxic effects of POPs in marine mammals are the depression of the immune system, which increases the risk of infections, reproductive failure, anemia, and hypothyroidism. − In particular, PBDEs induced cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, endocrine disruption and alteration of the nervous system, and caused thyroid hormone disruption in juvenile seals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain–Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants

Barón

Hauler

Gallistl

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Halogenated natural products (MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, MeO-PBDEs, Q1, and related PMBPs) and halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, HBB, Dec 602, Dec 603, and DP) in blubber and brain are reported from five Alboran Sea delphinids (Spain). Both HNPs and HFRs were detected in brain, implying that they are able to surpass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, which represents a new finding for some compounds, such as Q1 and PMBPs, MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, or Dec 603. Moreover, some compounds (TetraBHD, BDE-153, or HBB) presented higher levels in brain than in blubber. This study evidence the high concentrations of HNPs in the marine environment, especially in top predators. It shows the importance of further monitoring these natural compounds and evaluating their potential toxicity, when most studies focus on anthropogenic compounds only. While no bioaccumulation was found for ∑HNPs, ∑HFRs increased significantly with body size for both common and striped dolphins. Studies evaluating BBB permeation mechanisms of these compounds together with their potential neurotoxic effects in dolphins are recommended.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain–Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants

Barón

Hauler

Gallistl

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The ratios for pilot whale liver from waters around the Faroe Islands were in the range of 25−39. 55 Considering a generic TL of 4.4 for the pilot whale, this would be equivalent to a TMF of 1.5 relative to water which remains far from the proposed value of 2.9. Interestingly and for comparison, the HCB/PeCB ratio in explanted human silicone prostheses from Norway ranging from 9.7 to 93.8 with an average of 47.2 (sd = 21, n = 33) appears higher than in the aquatic species above.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Including other species such as cetaceans with a higher TL can sometime affect TMF estimates. The ratios for pilot whale liver from waters around the Faroe Islands were in the range of 25–39 . Considering a generic TL of 4.4 for the pilot whale, this would be equivalent to a TMF of 1.5 relative to water which remains far from the proposed value of 2.9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Passive Sampling Helps the Appraisal of Contaminant Bioaccumulation in Norwegian Fish Used for Regulatory Chemical Monitoring

Allan

Vrana

Ruus

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), listed on the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants and regulated as a hazardous priority pollutant by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), is ubiquitously distributed in the environment and assumed to mildly biomagnify in aquatic foodwebs. The proposal to include trophic magnification factors (TMFs) in the procedure for comparing contaminant levels in biota at different trophic levels (TLs) with WFD environmental quality standards requires adequate selection of TMFs. In the first step of our study, we compared two independently obtained datasets of pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and HCB concentration ratios from passive sampling (PS) in water and in fish through routine monitoring programs in Norway to evaluate possible biomagnification. In this procedure, PeCB is used for benchmarking the bioconcentration in fish, and the observed HCB/PeCB ratios in fish are compared with ratios expected in the case of (i) HCB bioconcentration or (ii) biomagnification using published TMF values. Results demonstrate that it is not possible to confirm that HCB biomagnifies in fish species that would be used for WFD monitoring in Norway and challenges the proposed monitoring procedures for such compounds in Norwegian or European waters. In the second step, fish-water chemical activity ratios for HCB and PeCB as well as for polychlorinated biphenyls where biota and PS were conducted alongside were calculated and found to rarely exceed unity for cod (Gadus morhua), a fish species with a TL of approximately 4.

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“…Furthermore, these contaminants are transmitted to the calf 10 times more during lactation than gestation (Borrell, Bloch, & Desportes, 1995). Therefore, this could affect calf survival (Hoydal et al, 2015), and explain the low apparent survival rate found in this study. There is also a concern that habitat quality is degrading through the increase of maritime traffic and whale watching activity specifically targeting this species in the Strait of Gibraltar (Elejabeitia, Urquiola, Verborgh, & de Stephanis, 2012) that might increase stress for this population (Senigaglia, de Stephanis, Verborgh, & Lusseau, 2012).…”

Section: Survival Rate Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Demographic parameters of a free‐ranging deep‐diving cetacean, the long‐finned pilot whale

Verborgh

Gauffier

Esteban

et al. 2020

Marine Mammal Science

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Demographic parameters provide baselines to estimate future population trajectories which can then be used in management decisions. The aim here was to estimate demographic parameters of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Strait of Gibraltar by fitting mark-recapture models to photo-identification data of primary and secondary marked individuals. These parameters were used to forecast the future population trajectories in a population viability analysis (PVA) given different scenarios of demographic rates. Survival rate increased with age from 0.629, 95% CI [0.409, 0.805] for calves, 0.869, 95% CI [0.758, 0.934] for juveniles, to 0.972, 95% CI [0.953, 0.983] for adults. A preliminary mean observed interval of viable calves was 4.5 years. The PVA estimated the population would persist over 100 years with a 100% probability for all scenarios except those with lower 95% CI survival values, for which the probability of extinction reached 100%. Population growth rate was negative in all scenarios except those with 95% CI upper survival values. Interbirth interval and juvenile survival were found most influential and depended on the correct identification of secondary marked (e.g., calves and juveniles) individuals on a long-term basis.This population was found in a precarious state prior to a morbillivirus outbreak that might even more endanger its long-term viability.

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Legacy and emerging organic pollutants in liver and plasma of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from waters surrounding the Faroe Islands

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain–Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants

Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain–Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants

Passive Sampling Helps the Appraisal of Contaminant Bioaccumulation in Norwegian Fish Used for Regulatory Chemical Monitoring

Demographic parameters of a free‐ranging deep‐diving cetacean, the long‐finned pilot whale

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