Legal blends between olive oil and other vegetable oils: Quantification of olive oil and identification of “virgin olive oils”, “refined olive oils” and “olive pomace oils”

Quantitative Analysis of Blended Oils Based on Intensity Ratios of Marker Ions in MALDI-MS Spectra

“…Blended oils are mixtures of pure edible oils for the purpose of improved properties, such as higher smoke points, increased oxidative stability, better nutrition, and enhanced flavors, and they have become one of the most common edible oils in the market. − The properties and commercial values of blended oils are mainly determined by the species and abundances of pure oils. The replacement of expensive oil compositions, e.g., olive oil, with cheap oil compositions, e.g., palm oil, in blended oils for financial benefits has been frequently reported in recent years, which can also have negative impacts on human health due to the excessive intake of undesirable fatty acids, e.g., saturated fatty acids. − To deal with such food fraud, regulations have been promulgated across the world, such as in China, the European Union, and India, requiring suppliers to indicate the contained pure oils as well as their proportions on the labels of the blended oil products, , which is expected to become a trend in the world for the quality control of blended oils. Correspondingly, rapid and reliable methods for quantitative analysis of mass blended oil samples are highly desired.…”

“…For sunflower seed oil−soybean oil blends, the peaks at m/z 901.7 and m/z 903 7. showed similar intensities that were stronger than other peaks, leading to the better quantitative performance of I 899.7 /I 901.7 and I 899.7 /I 903.7 (RMSE as 0.0225 and 0.0207), and the quantitative results derived from I 899.7 /I 903.7 showed accuracy and precision within (−0.1)−4.4 and 0.8−23.6%, respectively (TableS4).…”

Modification of the Nutritional Quality and Oxidative Stability of Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) and Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil Blends

“…Consumption of mixtures of canola oil, walnut oil, sesame oil and wheat germ oil (1:1:1:1 ratio) may be useful against kidney diseases due to their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties [ 23 ]. Therefore, vegetable oil blends with a carefully balanced composition can achieve increased nutritional value, longer shelf life and greater economic benefits [ 5 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”