Legal Issues in Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

Scassa, Teresa; Engler, Nate J.; Taylor, D. R. Fraser

doi:10.1179/174327713x13847707305703

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This requires the development of new licensing and consent models, and work is underway to create these models. Some of these issues have also been discussed in Scassa, Engler, and Taylor (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Digital cartography offers exciting opportunities for recording indigenous knowledge, particularly in contexts where a people's relationship to the land has high cultural significance. Canada's north offers a useful case study of both the opportunities and challenges of such projects. Through the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre (GCRC), Inuit peoples have been invited to become partners in innovative digital mapping projects, including creating atlases of traditional place names, recording the patterns and movement of sea ice, and recording previously uncharted and often shifting traditional routes over ice and tundra. Such projects have generated interest in local communities because of their potential to record and preserve traditional knowledge and because they offer an attractive visual and multimedia interface that can address linguistic and cultural concerns. But given corporations' growing interest in the natural resources of the Arctic and the concomitant rise in government concern about claims to Arctic sovereignty, such maps may also be of interest to a broad range of actors and for a variety of purposes. Because these projects rely heavily upon, and record, oral knowledge, and because they convert such knowledge into highly malleable and easily disseminated digital content, they raise challenging issues around informed consent, intellectual and cultural property, and privacy. This article identifies and examines these issues and describes the collaborative and interdisciplinary research established to identify and address the use of traditional knowledge in digital cartography. RÉSUMÉLa cartographie numérique offre des possibilités intéressantes pour consigner le savoir autochtone, particulièrement dans les contextes où le rapport entre la personne et la terre a une grande importance culturelle. Le nord du Canada offre une étude de cas utile à la fois des possibilités et des défis que présentent de tels projets. Par l'entremise du Centre de recherches en géomatique et cartographie (CRGC), des Inuits ont été invités à devenir partenaires de projets innovateurs de cartographie numérique, qui visent notamment à créer des atlas de noms d'endroits traditionnels, à consigner les tendances et le mouvement des glaces maritimes et à consigner les itinéraires traditionnels non cartographiés et souvent changeants sur la glace et la toundra. De tels projets ont suscité de l'intérêt dans les communautés locales parce qu'ils offrent des possibilités de consigner et de préserver le savoir ancestral et aussi une interface visuelle et multimédiatique attrayante qui peut tenir compte des préoccupations linguistiques et culturelles. Comme les entreprises s'intéressent de plus en plus aux ressources naturelles de l'Arctique et étant donné la montée concomitante des préoccupations du gouvernement au sujet des revendications relatives à la souveraineté dans l'Arctique, de telles cartes peuvent aussi intéresser un vaste éventail d'intervenants pour toutes sortes de raisons. Comme ces projets comptent énormément sur...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This, in turn, encourages crowdsourcing volunteers to share their information and makes them focus on the personal and collective benefits that motivate and accompany participation. Ethical norms are often seen as soft law , although the recognition and application of these norms can give rise to enforceable legal obligations (Scassa et al, ). The same researchers also state that codes of research ethics serve as a normative framework for the design of research projects, and compliance with research norms can shape how the information is collected .…”

Section: Review Of Issues Associated With Crowdsourcing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowdsourcing Methods for Data Collection in Geophysics: State of the Art, Issues, and Future Directions

Zheng

Tao

Maier

et al. 2018

Reviews of Geophysics

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data are essential in all areas of geophysics. They are used to better understand and manage systems, either directly or via models. Given the complexity and spatiotemporal variability of geophysical systems (e.g., precipitation), a lack of sufficient data is a perennial problem, which is exacerbated by various drivers, such as climate change and urbanization. In recent years, crowdsourcing has become increasingly prominent as a means of supplementing data obtained from more traditional sources, particularly due to its relatively low implementation cost and ability to increase the spatial and/or temporal resolution of data significantly. Given the proliferation of different crowdsourcing methods in geophysics and the promise they have shown, it is timely to assess the state of the art in this field, to identify potential issues and map out a way forward. In this paper, crowdsourcing‐based data acquisition methods that have been used in seven domains of geophysics, including weather, precipitation, air pollution, geography, ecology, surface water, and natural hazard management, are discussed based on a review of 162 papers. In addition, a novel framework for categorizing these methods is introduced and applied to the methods used in the seven domains of geophysics considered in this review. This paper also features a review of 93 papers dealing with issues that are common to data acquisition methods in different domains of geophysics, including the management of crowdsourcing projects, data quality, data processing, and data privacy. In each of these areas, the current status is discussed and challenges and future directions are outlined.

show abstract

“…With the growth of traditional knowledge mapping, rights to intellectual property and free and informed prior consent have featured prominently in the design of geospatial systems for research with Indigenous communities [33]. However, the numerous legal and ethics-based protocols that exist can be unclear for both the community and the researcher in terms of who has the authority to use or share data through community-based research [37].…”

Section: Collaborative Geospatial Platforms and Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern Indigenous peoples have also been interested in collaborating with scientists, in the interest of documenting traditional knowledge for cultural preservation and to assert land-use claims over their traditional lands [26,27,33], and because rates of environmental change have surpassed anything experienced previously [34]. Indigenous peoples of the north are adaptive by nature [8,35]; however, climate change has prompted communities to inquire how science and technology can be used alongside traditional knowledge of the land to support their efforts in adapting to climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Uses of Geospatial Technology to Support Climate Change Adaptation in Indigenous Communities of the Circumpolar North

Sheremata¹,

Tsuji²,

Gough³

2016

Geospatial Technology - Environmental and Social Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract" literature review is conducted of geospatial technologies in community-based research on ice and mobility among Indigenous people of the circumpolar north. Numerous studies explore the use of traditional knowledge in the "rctic on sea ice, but limited evidence of community-based research in sub-"rctic communities and in freshwater ice systems is found. Geographical Information Systems GIS and remote sensing tools have been applied in a variety of ways in support of community adaptations. These include the production of living memory maps, ice classification systems, and geodatabases that reflect the relationship-building nature of collaborations between Indigenous traditional knowledge holders and scientists. Satellite imagery particularly synthetic aperture radar S"R is widely used to characterize traditional understandings of ice to help tailor geospatial tools, climate research, and early warning systems, so that they may be used more effectively to address community interests and needs. "s numerous mapping platforms have been developed in the circumpolar north, there are important considerations with respect to data management, Indigenous rights, and data sharing. We see opportunities for further research in lake and river ice, and in further developing early warning systems to address the growing problem of unpredictable ice regimes in "rctic and sub-"rctic regions.Keywords: circumpolar north, climate change, ice, traditional knowledge, geospatial technologies © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. . IntroductionThe climate system of the circumpolar north is undergoing transformative change. "verage annual "rctic air temperatures have increased by . °C since the start of the twentieth century [ ]. "s a result, significant sea ice declines through most of the "rctic have occurred over the past years [ ], while inland, freshwater ice systems have experienced shorter seasons of ice cover due to a significantly later freeze-up and earlier breakup [ ]. The decline in sea ice leads to greater absorption of solar radiation in the "rctic Ocean in early autumn, which intensifies vertical fluxes of heat and moisture into the atmosphere, amplifying the effects of climate change in poles to approximately twice the global average [ ].Such changes have affected the mobility of Indigenous people of the north, who rely on the frozen landscape to move freely during winter months [ , ]. Sea ice, frozen lakes, and rivers act as virtual highways in the north, while seasonal winter ice roads are constructed to provide access to the north for various industries, and are crucial for bringing year-round essentials, such as food, fuel, construction, and household items into remote communities [ , ]. In recent years, travel to hunting grounds is less predictable, and ic...

show abstract

Legal Issues in Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

Mapping Traditional Knowledge: Digital Cartography in the Canadian North

Crowdsourcing Methods for Data Collection in Geophysics: State of the Art, Issues, and Future Directions

Collaborative Uses of Geospatial Technology to Support Climate Change Adaptation in Indigenous Communities of the Circumpolar North

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About