. This article aims to identify the current issues affecting armed conflict participants and their prospects within modern medical law in pandemic and post-pandemic times. Theoretical foundations, supported by the dialectical method, were used to study and outline the current international humanitarian law and modern medical law problems challenging combatants. The formal legal and comparative methods abetted suggesting directions for the combatants’ medical and human rights to rehabilitation in a context of global changes and social transformations in pandemic and post-pandemic times. Ultimately, combatants’ interrelated challenges and prospects in these times involve financial, social, medical, and legal components requiring modernizing the rehabilitation system. Thus, an effective policy regarding participants in hostilities will ensure a common national policy that protects every member of society.