“…However, little empirical research has investigated the impact of TOO on consumer brand evaluations or behaviour (Charters and Spielmann, 2014;van Ittersum et al, 2003). The few studies available assert that local brands may highlight their unique qualities and justify their authenticity by communicating their TOO (Dion et al, 2010). Defined as "a subjective evaluation of genuineness ascribed to a brand by consumers" (Napoli et al, 2014(Napoli et al, , p. 1091, authenticity is often associated with meanings generated by a place of origin, including history, culture and tradition (Grayson and Martinec, 2004) together with sincerity, honesty, innocence, originality, nature and simpleness (Beverland, 2006;Napoli et al, 2014), or uniqueness (Iversen and Hem, 2008).…”