Leishmania tropica, L. donovani and L. enriettii: Immune rabbit serum inhibitory in vitro

Rezai, Hamid R.; Sher, Stephanie E.; Gettner, Seyedeh

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(69)90117-9

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The results were expressed as % mortality. Clindamycin (Sigma, USA), a drug that has been used in human and animal anti- T. gondii therapy was used as the positive control [23]. The extract/fractions were assayed in triplicate at each concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Root Extract/Fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Kavitha

Noordin

Chan

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Toxoplasma gondii infection causes toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease with worldwide prevalence. The limited efficiency of drugs against this infection, their side effects and the potential appearance of resistant strains make the search of novel drugs an essential need. We examined Eurycoma longifolia root extract and fractions as potential sources of new compounds with high activity and low toxicity. The main goal of this study was to investigate the anti- T. gondii activity of crude extract (TACME) and four fractions (TAF 273, TAF 355, TAF 191 and TAF 401) from E. longifolia , with clindamycin as the positive control. Methods In vitro toxoplasmacidal evaluation was performed using Vero cells as host for T. gondii . Light microscopy technique was used to study in situ antiparasitic activity. Results Significant anti- T. gondii activity was observed with clindamycin (EC50 = 0.016 μg/ml), follow by TAF 355 (EC50 = 0.369 μg/ml) and TAF 401 (EC50 = 0.882 μg/ml). Light microscopy revealed that most Vero cells were infected after 3 h of exposure to T. gondii . After 36 h of exposure to the E. longifolia fraction, the host Vero cells showed no visible intracellular parasite and no remarkable morphological changes. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that TAF 355 and TAF401 fractions may be the sources of new anti- T. gondii compounds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Root Extract/Fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Kavitha

Noordin

Chan

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…It has long been known that the complement system plays a significant role in the eradication of promastigotes in the blood stream of an infected host (Rezai, Sher, & Gettner, 1969). Recent studies have shown that susceptibility of Leishmania parasites to complement-mediated lysis in vitro is directly related to the concentration of serum complement (Moreno et al, 2007).…”

Section: Immunity To Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Aureobasidium pullulans and the effect of different conditions for pullulanase and pullulan production

2013

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Diseases caused by Leishmania present a worldwide problem, and current therapeutic approaches are unable to achieve a sterile cure. Leishmania is able to persist in host cells by evading or exploiting host immune mechanisms. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms could lead to better strategies for effective management of Leishmania infections. Current research has focused on parasite modification of host cell signaling pathways, entry into phagocytic cells, and modulation of cytokine and chemokine profiles that alter immune cell activation and trafficking to sites of infection. Immuno-therapeutic approaches that target these mechanisms of immune evasion by Leishmania offer promising areas for preclinical and clinical research.

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“…Circulating antibody to leishmania has not been regularly demonstrated in human subjects who have recovered from oriental sore or in guinea-pigs that have recovered from Leishmania enriettii infection (Adler, 1965;Bryceson et al, 1970). Our previous findings indicated that rabbits immunised with the promastigote form of L. tropica developed an anti-leishmania1 growth-inhibitory activity in their sera (Rezai, Sher and Gettner, 1969;Rezai, Behforouz and Gettner, 1970). In this communication a factor in the sera of guinea-pigs that had recovered from L. enriettii infection is investigated.…”

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confidence: 90%

Anti-Leishmanial Activity Of Immune Guinea-Pig Serum

Rezai

Gettner

Behforouz

1972

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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I M M U N Ereactions to leishmania1 infection have been known to exist for many years, but their biological role is not yet clear. Circulating antibody to leishmania has not been regularly demonstrated in human subjects who have recovered from oriental sore or in guinea-pigs that have recovered from Leishmania enriettii infection (Adler, 1965;Bryceson et al., 1970). Our previous findings indicated that rabbits immunised with the promastigote form of L. tropica developed an anti-leishmania1 growth-inhibitory activity in their sera (Rezai, Sher and Gettner, 1969;Rezai, Behforouz and Gettner, 1970). In this communication a factor in the sera of guinea-pigs that had recovered from L. enriettii infection is investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODSImmune guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs weighing 250-300 g from our animal breeding house were infected subcutaneously in the ear with 8 x 105 L. enriettii amastigotes in 0.2 ml. After recovery, the animals were reinoculated with the same infective dose of leishmania; failure to develop infection was considered the criterion of immunity.Source of immune and normal sera. Blood was collected from several normal and immune guinea-pigs by cardiac puncture. Normal and immune bloods were pooled separately and defibrinated by shaking with glass beads; the serum was separated by centrifugation.Source of inoculum. L. tropica was obtained from random-bred mice that had been infected with the Rhombomys strain originating from a Phlebotomus host in the Isphahan Public Health Centre. L. enriettii was given to us by Dr Zuckerman of Hadassa Medical School, Hebrew University, Israel. Both leishmania1 strains were grown in modified NNN medium (Lemma and Schiller, 1964) for 3-4 days and used as inoculum for the inhibition studies. After a few in-vitro passages, the stock cultures were passed through guinea-pigs in the case of L. enriettii or through mice in the case of L . tropica.Titration of the growth-inhibitory activity. The growth-inhibitory activity was both shown and titrated in modified NNN medium. For this purpose, 1-ml volumes of diluted (or treated) serum were used as the liquid phase in the medium in screw-capped tubes. Each tube was inoculated with 3 x 1 0 6 promastigotes and incubated at 26°C for 4 days. Diluted normal serum and saline alone were used as controls. After 4 days of incubation, the concentration of free-living leishmania in each tube was determined by direct count in a haemocyt ome ter. RESULTSGrowth-inhibitory activity of immune guinea-pig sera. The effect on the growth of L. enriettii and L. tropica of various dilutions of pooled immune serum, as well as of pooled normal serum is presented in table I, which is based on the results of three experiments in which pooled sera from animals of each group were used. The table shows that sera obtained from animals immunised against L. enriettii had some growth-inhibitory activity against L. enriettii demonstrable up to a dilution of 1 in 16. The inhibitory activity on the growth of L. tropica was much less pronounced, but a minimal e...

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Leishmania tropica, L. donovani and L. enriettii: Immune rabbit serum inhibitory in vitro

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

In vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Root Extract/Fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack

In vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Root Extract/Fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Isolation of Aureobasidium pullulans and the effect of different conditions for pullulanase and pullulan production

Anti-Leishmanial Activity Of Immune Guinea-Pig Serum

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