Leishmaniasis en Pando-Bolivia - Frontera Con Brasil Y Perú

Abstract

Apparently, the eastern Amazon region has the greatest biodiversity of Leishmania spp and Phlebotominae. Our objective is to present the review of the knowledge of leishmaniasis in Pando-Bolivia, border with Acre and Rondonia-Brazil and Madre de Dios-Peru, through the analysis of eco-epidemiological indicators, institutional reports, theses, and medical research on leishmaniasis in Bolivia and publications about this region from neighboring countries. In the last 23 years, Pando registered 6,614 cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and one case of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Males were the most affected (69.6%of the registered cases). The cutaneous form (90.2%) predominated in relation to the mucosal clinical manifestation. The incidence rates per 10,000 inhabitants were 49.8 in 2,006; 39.3 in 2,012 and 49.7 in 2,018. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was the only registered species and the presence of 20 species of Phlebotominae was determined, the most frequent being Nyssomyia shawi and Psychodopygus carrerari. We conclude that the highly known and probable diversity of Phlebotominae species with vector competence, the adaptation of several of them to modified environments including the peri-domestic space, intense migration of susceptible populations associated with risk factors, reinforce the need to deeply investigate the epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis in the border region between Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, which has the highest rates in South America. Keywords: Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Leishmaniasis in the south west of the Amazon, border health.