cases were registered (increase of 129% in relation to 2,018); the annual parasitic incidence rate went from 1.2 to 2.7 per thousand inhabitants. In March 2020, the first cases of COVID-19 were reported; In a pandemic year, 255,621 cases were reported nationwide and 15,887 in the Amazon; incidence, general mortality, and case-fatality rates are higher in the Amazon. Conclusions. In a scenario with a chronic circulation of a parasitic disease, SARS-CoV-2 has been introduced with a notable impact on health in 2020, which is repeating and deepening in 2021. The reduction in the provision of health care, due to the indirect effects of COVID-19, it threatens the tasks of all the programs, food security, economic growth and the worsening of poverty of the population.

Background. Beginning in 1978, a very high prevalence of human infection by Fasciola hepatica began to be documented in the Andean plateau of Bolivia, a country where the disease had never been reported. Materials and methods. Our goal is to present a chronological overview of the studies. The retrospective review highlights gray literature conducted before 1990 and research found in electronic databases from 1989. Results. It took over forty years to get an answer to the registry of Fasciola hepatica infection in humans with prevalence around 70%, so that through seven mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns they decreased to less than 2%; This chronological process of studies is presented in four successive periods: 1º period : Characterized by clinicalsurgical records of occasional patients treated in hospitals in the city of La Paz. 2º period (1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991): First coprological and serological surveys that record the hyper endemic and geographical area. 3º period (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997): Epidemiological, parasitological, malacological studies, diagnostic tests, treatment, definition of the hyper endemic area and its surveillance. 4º period (2008-2020): MDA campaigns. Conclusions. The extensive collaborative research with the University of Valencia elucidated particular aspects of human infection at high altitude; describing the most important hyper endemic zone worldwide, motivating MDA campaigns with drug donations, allowing entering a pre-elimination stage, remaining to expand initiatives to improve drinking water, education, sanitation, hygiene and control and animal treatment.

Apparently, the eastern Amazon region has the greatest biodiversity of Leishmania spp and Phlebotominae. Our objective is to present the review of the knowledge of leishmaniasis in Pando-Bolivia, border with Acre and Rondonia-Brazil and Madre de Dios-Peru, through the analysis of eco-epidemiological indicators, institutional reports, theses, and medical research on leishmaniasis in Bolivia and publications about this region from neighboring countries. In the last 23 years, Pando registered 6,614 cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and one case of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Males were the most affected (69.6%of the registered cases). The cutaneous form (90.2%) predominated in relation to the mucosal clinical manifestation. The incidence rates per 10,000 inhabitants were 49.8 in 2,006; 39.3 in 2,012 and 49.7 in 2,018. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was the only registered species and the presence of 20 species of Phlebotominae was determined, the most frequent being Nyssomyia shawi and Psychodopygus carrerari. We conclude that the highly known and probable diversity of Phlebotominae species with vector competence, the adaptation of several of them to modified environments including the peri-domestic space, intense migration of susceptible populations associated with risk factors, reinforce the need to deeply investigate the epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis in the border region between Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, which has the highest rates in South America. Keywords: Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Leishmaniasis in the south west of the Amazon, border health.

Background. Beginning in 1978, a very high prevalence of human infection by Fasciola hepatica began to be documented in the Andean plateau of Bolivia, a country where the disease had never been reported. Materials and methods. Our goal is to present a chronological overview of the studies. The retrospective review highlights gray literature conducted before 1990 and research found in electronic databases from 1989. Results. It took over forty years to get an answer to the registry of Fasciola hepatica infection in humans with prevalence around 70%, so that through seven mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns they decreased to less than 2%; This chronological process of studies is presented in four successive periods: 1º period : Characterized by clinicalsurgical records of occasional patients treated in hospitals in the city of La Paz. 2º period (1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991): First coprological and serological surveys that record the hyper endemic and geographical area. 3º period (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997): Epidemiological, parasitological, malacological studies, diagnostic tests, treatment, definition of the hyper endemic area and its surveillance. 4º period (2008-2020): MDA campaigns. Conclusions. The extensive collaborative research with the University of Valencia elucidated particular aspects of human infection at high altitude; describing the most important hyper endemic zone worldwide, motivating MDA campaigns with drug donations, allowing entering a pre-elimination stage, remaining to expand initiatives to improve drinking water, education, sanitation, hygiene and control and animal treatment.