Leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic: Temporal and geographical distribution from 2013 to 2017

Abstract

Lutzomyia (Lu.) [Nyssomyia (N.)] whitmani, Lu. (N.) neivai, Lu. [Migonemyia (Mg.)] migonei and Lu. [Evandromyia (Ev.)] cortelezzii (to cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis) and Lu. longipalpis (to visceral leishmaniasis)[1]. Four species of Leishmania have been identified in human cases in the Argentine Republic: Leishmania (L.) braziliensis, L. amazonensis, L. guyanensis, which are associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis and L. infantum, linked to visceral leishmaniasis[1]. Objective: To assess the temporal and geographical distribution of confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic from 2013 to 2017. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using data collected from the Integrated Surveillance Bulletin database of the National System of Health Surveillance. Confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis up to the 52nd epidemiological week of each year was included. Results: In the 5 years period, 1 295 confirmed leishmaniasis cases were reported in the Argentine Republic. One thousand twenty-eight (1 028) cases corresponded to cutaneous leishmaniasis (87.10%), being the most common type of leishmaniasis. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was in the second place in the country with 115 cases reported, mostly in the Northwest and Northeast regions. A total of 52 individuals with visceral leishmaniasis were identified and Misiones Province was the most affected.Conclusions: It is important to analyze the temporal and geographical distribution of leishmaniasis in order to provide an adequate management and surveillance.

Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis

“…Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, L. (Viannia) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) guyanensis, and L. Infantum, associated with visceral leishmaniasis, were the four species of Leishmania cases reported in humans in South America. In addition, 28 species of Phlebotominae (23 species of Lutzomyia, 4 species of Brumptomyia, and 1 species of [101]. Both CL and MCL are induced by L. Braziliensis: Lutzomyia neivai, L. Whitmani, L. Cortelezzii complex (L. Cortelezzii, L. Sallesi), L. Migonei, and L. Pessoai, while V is brought on by L. Infantum was L. Longipalpis [102].…”