Leisure activities, education, and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a population-based longitudinal study

Zhu, Xinyi; Qiu, Chengxuan; Zeng, Yi; Li, Juan

doi:10.1017/s1041610216001769

Cited by 118 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In addition to education and social network, the present study showed that engaging in leisure activities was another environmental factor that protected against the risk of cognitive impairment among men. This result was supported by earlier studies, including studies from China, showing positive effects of involvement in cognitively challenging leisure activities . Functional disabilities had a very small impact on gender differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest‐old in China

Miyawaki

Liu

2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim To examine gender differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment across two age cohorts in China: the old (aged 65–79 years) and the oldest‐old (aged 80–116 years). Methods The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with waves from 2008 to 2011 was used (N = 13 586). Regression analysis was used to model the gender effects on baseline cognitive function and onset of cognitive impairment. Independent variables included demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), social network, leisure activities and functional disabilities. Results Among the oldest‐old, women (32.9%) were twice as likely as men (15.7%) to have cognitive impairment. For the old, women (2.2%) were only slightly more likely than men (1.9%). Regression models showed the oldest‐old women having a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than men (P < 0.001), even after adjusting for independent variables. No significant gender differences were found among the old cohort. SES, social network and leisure activities appeared to affect gender differences, especially among the oldest‐old. Of the independent variables examined, the gender effects were reduced the most when incorporating SES for both age cohorts. Conclusions For the oldest‐old, gender differences in cognitive impairment could be due to differences in SES between men and women. The old cohort showed no statistically significant gender difference at this time; however, we should follow this old cohort for their future potential gender differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 586–592.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This result was supported by earlier studies, including studies from China, showing positive effects of involvement in cognitively challenging leisure activities. 12,24 Functional disabilities had a very small impact on gender differences. This is easily understandable, as disabilities naturally increase as people age, regardless of gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest‐old in China

Miyawaki

Liu

2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…Cognitive function was only assessed with a Chinese version of the MMSE, but not a comprehensive clinical diagnosis. The MMSE is a brief measure of global cognitive function, which may not be sensitive enough to detect early stage of cognitive impairment . However, testing other cutoff points 25 and 27 for mild impairment in the current study did not result in meaningful change of all findings (results not shown).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…The MMSE is a brief measure of global cognitive function, which may not be sensitive enough to detect early stage of cognitive impairment. 36 However, testing other cutoff points 25 and 27 for mild impairment in the current study did not result in meaningful change of all findings (results not shown). Moreover, as with any longitudinal study, attrition owing to the loss to follow-up tends to be a problem in this study.…”

Section: Sensitive Analysescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Cognitive functioning transitions, health expectancies, and inequalities among elderly people in China: A nationwide longitudinal study

Hou

Lin

Ren

et al. 2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Many studies have shown that older adults who rarely participated in mental or social activities had a higher risk of cognitive decline . A high level of social interactions is beneficial for maintaining cognitive function, and participating in a diversity of activities can reduce the mortality of dementia .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclassified cognitive leisure activity and risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults aged ≥80 years: A 16‐year prospective cohort study

Qiu

Sun

Zhong

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim There is accumulating evidence that participation in cognitive leisure activities might be related to a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. However, there is no consensus regarding the classification of cognitive leisure activities, and it cannot clearly define each activity and quantitatively evaluate the effect of it. In the present study, we propose a new classification method, and examine the relationship between reclassified cognitive leisure activities and cognitive function. Methods The analysis included 4830 participants of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, who were aged >80 years and free of cognitive impairment at 1998. They were followed up six times. Six cognitive leisure activities were mainly grouped into intrapersonal and interpersonal cognitive leisure activity by categorical principal component analysis. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between reclassified cognitive leisure activities and the risk of cognitive impairment. Results After a median follow‐up period of 16 years, 1763 participants suffered from cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination score <24). Reading newspapers or books, taking part in some social activities and sometimes playing cards or mahjong were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment (P < 0.05 for all). In multivariable adjusted models, compared with those with lower intensities, the hazard ratios (95% confident intervals) of cognitive impairment were 0.86 (0.74–0.99) and 0.71 (0.60–0.83) for participants with high intensities of intrapersonal and interpersonal cognitive leisure activity, respectively. Conclusion A high frequency of participation in intrapersonal and interpersonal cognitive leisure activities showed a lower risk of cognitive impairment among the oldest‐old in China. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1041–1047.

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Leisure activities, education, and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a population-based longitudinal study

Abstract: Late-life leisure activities protect against cognitive impairment among elderly Chinese people, and the protective effects are more profound for educated elderly.

Cited by 118 publications

References 67 publications

Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest‐old in China

Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest‐old in China

Cognitive functioning transitions, health expectancies, and inequalities among elderly people in China: A nationwide longitudinal study

Reclassified cognitive leisure activity and risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults aged ≥80 years: A 16‐year prospective cohort study

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