Leisure activity and social integration mitigate the risk of dementia related to cardiometabolic diseases: A population‐based longitudinal study

Wang, Zhida; Marseglia, Anna; Shang, Ying; Dintica, Christina S.; Patrone, Cesare; Xu, Weili

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.003

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, we found that comorbid diabetes and heart disease doubled the risk of both CIND and its progression to dementia, whereas neither diabetes nor heart disease alone conferred a significant risk of either outcome. This is in line with our previous work demonstrating that comorbid cardiometabolic diseases impact dementia risk in a dose‐dependent manner 46 . This finding also reinforces the point that it is not diabetes per se but rather its severity (in terms of glycemia and the burden of complications like heart disease) that is related to cognitive deterioration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia

Dove

Shang

et al. 2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

Self Cite

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Diabetes is a well‐established risk factor for dementia, but its impact on the prodromal phase of dementia is unclear. Methods Cohorts of older adults who were cognitively healthy (n = 1840) or had cognitive impairment‐no dementia (CIND; n = 682) were followed over 12 years to detect incident CIND and dementia, respectively. Results Poorly controlled diabetes (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.5%; reference = normoglycemia) was associated with double the risk of CIND (Cox regression multi‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐3.58) and triple the risk CIND progressing to dementia (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.20‐6.85). Co‐morbid diabetes and heart disease doubled the risk of incident CIND and dementia, although neither disease conferred a significant risk of either outcome alone. Elevated systemic inflammation contributed to the diabetes‐associated increased dementia risk. Conclusions Diabetes characterized by poor glycemic control or cardiovascular complications is related to a greater risk of the development and progression of cognitive impairment. Inflammation may play a role in these relationships.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia

Dove

Shang

et al. 2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

Self Cite

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional studies suggest that remaining socially and mentally active throughout life may support brain health and possibly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias 121,160–172 . Socially and cognitively stimulating activity might help build cognitive reserve.…”

Section: Overview Of Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,865

849

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the challenges of providing equitable health care for people with dementia in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth‐leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth‐leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated in 2020 by the COVID‐19 pandemic. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 15.3 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2020. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $256.7 billion in 2020. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes — costs that have been aggravated by COVID‐19. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2021 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $355 billion. Despite years of efforts to make health care more equitable in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities remain — both in terms of health disparities, which involve differences in the burden of illness, and health care disparities, which involve differences in the ability to use health care services. Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans and Native Americans continue to have a higher burden of illness and lower access to health care compared with Whites. Such disparities, which have become more apparent during COVID‐19, extend to dementia care. Surveys commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association recently shed new light on the role of discrimination in dementia care, the varying levels of trust between racial and ethnic groups in medical research, and the differences between groups in their levels of concern about and awareness of Alzheimer's disease. These findings emphasize the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in both the dementia care workforce and in Alzheimer's clinical trials.

show abstract

“…These three possibly modifiable risk factors can cause an accumulation of neurotoxic peptides and oxidative stress level changes in the brain that in time may result in cognitive impairment and dementia [ 78 , 81 , 89 ]. Similarly, the higher risk of dementia in the elderly individuals with various comorbid cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or stroke can be moderated by social engagement and physical activities [ 131 ]. The effects of (non-)modifiable risk and protective factors are also age- and gender-dependent.…”

Section: Future Possible Research Directions and Trends In The Trementioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Late Life Depression, (Non-) Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors with Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Literature Review on Current Evidences, Preventive Interventions and Possible Future Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Dementia

Kuo

Stachiv

Nikolai

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of people living with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is growing rapidly, making dementia one of the biggest challenges for this century. Many studies have indicated that depression plays an important role in development of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease; depression, especially, during the late life may either increase the risk of dementia or even being its prodromal stage. Despite a notably large number of carried observational studies and/or clinical trials, the association between the late life depression and dementia remains, due to the complexity of their relationship, still unclear. Moreover, during past two decades multiple other (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors such as the hypertension, social engagement, obesity, level of education or physical (in)activity have been identified and their relationship with the risk for development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease has been extensively studied. It has been proposed that to understand mechanisms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses require their multifactorial nature represented by these multiple factors to be considered. In this review, we first summarize the recent literature findings on roles of the late life depression and the other known (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors in development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Then, we provide evidences supporting hypotheses that (i) depressive syndromes in late life may indicate the prodromal stage of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease) and, (ii) the interplay among the multiple (non-)modifiable risk and protective factors should be considered to gain a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses. We also discuss the evidences of recently established interventions considered to prevent or delay the prodromes of dementia and provide the prospective future directions in prevention and treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease using both the single-domain and multidomain interventions.

show abstract

Leisure activity and social integration mitigate the risk of dementia related to cardiometabolic diseases: A population‐based longitudinal study

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia

The impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Association of Late Life Depression, (Non-) Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors with Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Literature Review on Current Evidences, Preventive Interventions and Possible Future Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Dementia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About