Leisure-Time Internet Use Does Not Correlate with Physical Activity or Physical Fitness Level of Ninth Grade African-American Girls

Kerner, Matthew S.; Kalinski, Michael I.; Kurrant, Anthony B.; Small, Eric; Spatz, Eugene; Gropack, Stacy

doi:10.1123/pes.13.4.402

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, as opposed to not being encouraged, these particular sedentary behaviors should be balanced with the concomitant promotion of leisure-time physical activity. Our findings (i.e., body fat, mean = 30.0) support the current literature with respect to average obesity levels among minority females and are similar to a previous study that reported body fat averaging 33% among a population of urban African-American adolescent girls of similar age (19). In this study, body fat, the sum of the mean skinfold thicknesses, and body mass index did not correlate with either leisure-time physical activity, television watching time, Internet use time, or the sum of television watching time and Internet use time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have found no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and leisure-time physical activity in similar aged populations (19,4,26). This is somewhat surprising since logic dictates that the more leisure-time expended being sedentary, the less leisure-time is available for physical activity.…”

Section: Sedentary Behavior Operationalized As the Sum Of Televisionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Obesity among young children and adolescents has increased over the past 20 years, with the rates of obesity now ranging between 6-33% (8,19,33). Additionally, childhood physical inactivity may exacerbate other behaviorally linked risk factors such as hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.…”

Section: Sedentary Behavior Operationalized As the Sum Of Televisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leisure‐time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness of high school girls

Kerner

Kurrant

Kalinski

2004

European Journal of Sport Science

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Background: Childhood physical inactivity may exacerbate other behaviorally linked cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which have been associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality later in life. Evidence suggests that physical activity as adults is related to their exercise patterns as children. Methods: Television watching and Internet use time were evaluated for one week, and their relationships to various physical fitness parameters among 129 high school girls were assessed. Leisure-time physical activity, quantified by a 21-day physical activity diary and a compendium of physical activities with metabolic equivalent (MET) intensities, and attitudinal belief to leisure-time physical activity were compared to all the aforementioned variables. Results: No significant correlations were found between television watching time or Internet use time with body mass index, onemile run time, and three different operational definitions of leisure-time physical activity. One-mile run time correlated moderately with body mass index and negatively with leisure-time physical activity. Caloric expenditure during leisure-time physical activity was weakly related to body mass index. Attitudinal belief to leisure-time physical activity correlated significantly with leisuretime physical activity, weekly caloric expenditure, and inversely with one-mile run time. The foremost predictor of mile-run time was body mass index, followed by attitudinal belief to leisure-time physical activity and leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions: Leisure-time physical activity and attitudinal belief to leisure-time physical activity are significantly (and inversely) associated with physical fitness only when expressed by an actual performance measure, but not when represented by the sum of the skinfold measurements, body fat, or body mass index. Physical fitness is unrelated to Internet use time or television watching time. Furthermore, since these sedentary behaviors are unrelated to leisure-time physical activity, yet positively correlated with each other, it is suggested that time spent watching television or on the Internet does not occur at the expense of leisure-time physical activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Sedentary Behavior Operationalized As the Sum Of Televisionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Leisure‐time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness of high school girls

Kerner

Kurrant

Kalinski

2004

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…7 TV viewing, video/computer game use and physical activity In total, 33 studies [11][12][13]17,18,21,25,[30][31][32]36,38,39,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] were located that presented a measure of association between physical activity and TV viewing, playing video games or computer use. Nine studies were excluded from analyses either because they had serious design limitations, 46,50,51 presented insufficient data for meta-analytic synthesis, 11,12,54 presented data on composite measures of sedentary behavior 49,52 or reported on special populations. 36 The remaining [24] studies presented data on [41] independent samples (the unit of analysis) and were included in the final analyses.…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To review the empirical evidence of associations between television (TV) viewing, video/computer game use and (a) body fatness, and (b) physical activity. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHOD: Published English-language studies were located from computerized literature searches, bibliographies of primary studies and narrative reviews, and manual searches of personal archives. Included studies presented at least one empirical association between TV viewing, video/computer game use and body fatness or physical activity among samples of children and youth aged 3-18 y. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The mean sample-weighted corrected effect size (Pearson r). RESULTS: Based on data from 52 independent samples, the mean sample-weighted effect size between TV viewing and body fatness was 0.066 (95% CI ¼ 0.056-0.078; total N ¼ 44 707). The sample-weighted fully corrected effect size was 0.084. Based on data from six independent samples, the mean sample-weighted effect size between video/computer game use and body fatness was 0.070 (95% CI ¼ À0.048 to 0.188; total N ¼ 1722). The sample-weighted fully corrected effect size was 0.128. Based on data from 39 independent samples, the mean sample-weighted effect size between TV viewing and physical activity was À0.096 (95% CI ¼ À0.080 to À0.112; total N ¼ 141 505). The sample-weighted fully corrected effect size was À0.129. Based on data from 10 independent samples, the mean sample-weighted effect size between video/computer game use and physical activity was À0.104 (95% CI ¼ À0.080 to À0.128; total N ¼ 119 942). The sample-weighted fully corrected effect size was À0.141. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant relationship exists between TV viewing and body fatness among children and youth although it is likely to be too small to be of substantial clinical relevance. The relationship between TV viewing and physical activity is small but negative. The strength of these relationships remains virtually unchanged even after correcting for common sources of bias known to impact study outcomes. While the total amount of time per day engaged in sedentary behavior is inevitably prohibitive of physical activity, media-based inactivity may be unfairly implicated in recent epidemiologic trends of overweight and obesity among children and youth. Relationships between sedentary behavior and health are unlikely to be explained using single markers of inactivity, such as TV viewing or video/computer game use.

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“…These results contribute importantly to the basis for current public health recommendations to limit adolescent girls' daily exposure to not only TV watching but other forms of EM, including electronic games and Internet use, to a combined maximum of 2 hours. adolescent girls, 36 probably because the amount of EM captured by such activity is limited. To our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate the effects of combined exposure to a variety of EM forms and CRF in adolescent girls.…”

Section: Longitudinal Associations Between Electronic Media Exposure mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Media Exposure and Its Association With Activity-Related Outcomes in Female Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

Lobelo¹,

Dowda²,

Pfeiffer³

et al. 2009

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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. Electronic media exposure and its association with activity-related outcomes in female adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(2) Activity and Health, 2009, 6, 137-143 © 2009 Human Kinetics, Inc. Background: Few investigations have assessed in adolescent girls the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between elevated exposure to electronic media (EM) and activityrelated outcomes such as compliance with physical activity (PA) standards or cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Four-hundred thirty-seven white and African American girls were assessed at the 8th, 9th, and 12th grades. PA and EM (TV/video watching, electronic games, Internet use) were self-reported, and CRF was estimated using a cycle-ergometer test. Hi EM exposure was defined as ≥four 30-minute blocks/d. Results: 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade girls in the Hi EM group showed lower compliance with PA standards and had lower CRF than the Low EM group (P ≤ .03). Girls reporting Hi EM exposure at 8th and 9th grades had lower vigorous PA and CRF levels at 12th grade than girls reporting less EM exposure (P ≤ .03). Conclusion: Girls reporting exposure to EM for 2 or more hours per day are more likely to exhibit and maintain low PA and CRF levels throughout adolescence. These results enhance the scientific basis for current public health recommendations to limit adolescent girls' daily exposure to television, electronic games, and Internet use to a combined maximum of 2 hours.

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Leisure-Time Internet Use Does Not Correlate with Physical Activity or Physical Fitness Level of Ninth Grade African-American Girls

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Leisure‐time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness of high school girls

Leisure‐time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and fitness of high school girls

Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis

Electronic Media Exposure and Its Association With Activity-Related Outcomes in Female Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

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