Leisure time physical activity and cancer risk: evaluation of the WHO's recommendation based on 126 high-quality epidemiological studies

Liu, Li; Shi, Yunying; Li, Tingting; Qin, Qin; Yin, Jieyun; Pang, Shengyong; Nie, Shaoping; Wei, Sheng

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094728

Cited by 124 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior can reduce the risk of many negative health outcomes among older adults, including cardiovascular diseases, Type II diabetes, cancer, and all-cause mortality [1-4]. The effects of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior on these outcomes appear to be independent [5,6]; thus, older adults could benefit from interventions targeting both behaviors simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Lyons

Swartz

Lewis

et al. 2017

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

201

258

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BackgroundAs adults age, their physical activity decreases and sedentary behavior increases, leading to increased risk of negative health outcomes. Wearable electronic activity monitors have shown promise for delivering effective behavior change techniques. However, little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of non-Fitbit wearables (Fitbit, Inc, San Francisco, California) combined with telephone counseling among adults aged more than 55 years.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect on physical activity of an intervention combining a wearable physical activity monitor, tablet device, and telephone counseling among adults aged 55-79 years.MethodsAdults (N=40, aged 55-79 years, body mass index=25-35, <60 min of activity per week) were randomized to receive a 12-week intervention or to a wait list control. Intervention participants received a Jawbone Up24 monitor, a tablet with the Jawbone Up app installed, and brief weekly telephone counseling. Participants set daily and weekly step goals and used the monitor’s idle alert to notify them when they were sedentary for more than 1 h. Interventionists provided brief counseling once per week by telephone. Feasibility was measured using observation and study records, and acceptability was measured by self-report using validated items. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActivPAL monitors following standard protocols. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, and fitness was measured using a 6-min walk test.ResultsParticipants were 61.48 years old (SD 5.60), 85% (34/40) female, 65% (26/40) white. Average activity monitor wear time was 81.85 (SD 3.73) of 90 days. Of the 20 Up24 monitors, 5 were reported broken and 1 lost. No related adverse events were reported. Acceptability items were rated at least 4 on a scale of 1-5. Effect sizes for most outcomes were small, including stepping time per day (d=0.35), steps per day (d=0.26), sitting time per day (d=0.21), body fat (d=0.17), and weight (d=0.33).ConclusionsThe intervention was feasible and acceptable in this population. Effect sizes were similar to the sizes found using other wearable electronic activity monitors, indicating that when combined with telephone counseling, wearable activity monitors are a potentially effective tool for increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01869348; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869348 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6odlIolqy)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Lyons

Swartz

Lewis

et al. 2017

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

201

258

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is well-established that physical activity exerts a protective effect against the development of different cancer types. Recently, Liu et al [4] addressed this issue extensively by comparing the results of 126 high-quality epidemiologic studies dealing with this topic. They found a 10% reduction in total cancer risk by comparing the individuals with the highest level of physical activity to individuals doing no sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a meta-analysis of 126 studies showed that physical activity according to the WHO recommendations leads to a decrease of cancer incidence of 7% for colorectal and breast cancers [4]. Another study focused solely on breast cancer and indicated that > 7-h walking per week reduced the risk for breast cancer by 14% [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S levels in healthy female subjects

et al. 2017

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Background Circulating cathepsin S (CS) has been associated with a lower risk for breast cancer in a large Swedish cohort. Long-term physical activity has been shown to have beneficial effects on the development of various cancer subtypes, in particular breast and colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term endurance sport on CS levels in females. Material and methods Thirty-six of 40 subjects completed the study. Subjects were told to increase their activity pensum for 8 months reaching 150 min/week moderate or 75 min/week intense exercise. Ergometries were performed at the beginning and the end of the study to prove/quantify the performance gain. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and every 2 months. Serum CS levels were measured by ELISA. To analyse the change and the progression of CS, Wilcoxon rank sum and Friedman tests were used. Results The sportive group (performance gain by > 4.9%) showed a significant increase of CS levels from 3.32/2.73/ 4.09 to 4.00/3.09/5.04 ng/ml (p = 0.008) corresponding to an increase of 20.5%. Conclusions We could show a significant increase of circulating CS levels in healthy female subjects induced by long-term physical activity. CS, occurring in the tumour microenvironment, is well-known to promote tumour growth, e.g. by ameliorating angiogenesis. However, the role of circulating CS in cancer growth is not clear. As physical activity is known as preventive intervention, in particular concerning breast and colorectal cancers, and long-term physical activity leads to an increase of CS levels in female subjects, circulating CS might even be involved in this protective effect. Trial registration Clinical trial registration: NCT02097199

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“…Another meta‐analysis showed that the RR of proximal colon cancer was 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.83) and that of distal colon cancer was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71–0.83) in the highest physical activity group compared to the control group. Liu et al conducted a comprehensive analysis of 126 studies and showed that following the daily physical activity recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) could reduce the risk of CRC by 7%, and the reduction in risk became saturated when physical activity exceeded twice the recommended level, indicating that reasonable exercise may effectively reduce the risk of CRC.…”

Section: Primary Prevention Of Sporadic Cramentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese consensus on the prevention of colorectal cancer (2016, Shanghai)

Fang¹,

Shi²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

J of Digest Diseases

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† Modified based on the grading method set forth by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. ‡ http://www.cebm.net/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009/. § Modified based on the grading method of Sung et al. 9 RCT, randomized controlled trial.Journal of Digestive Diseases 2017; 18; 63-83 Chinese consensus on preventing CRC Statement 4: Long-term heavy alcohol consumption is a high-risk factor for CRC Evidence level: IIb Grade of recommendation: B Consensus level: 100% Alcohol consumption has a certain correlation with the risk of CRC. Huxley et al. 38 systemically analyzed the risk factors associated with CRC and reviewed the data from 103 cohort studies. The results showed that risk of CRC in groups with the highest alcohol consumption was 60% higher than that in the J-Y Fang et al.

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Leisure time physical activity and cancer risk: evaluation of the WHO's recommendation based on 126 high-quality epidemiological studies

Cited by 124 publications

References 146 publications

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S levels in healthy female subjects

Chinese consensus on the prevention of colorectal cancer (2016, Shanghai)

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