Lemurs of Madagascar: an action plan for their conservation 1993-1999

Mittermeier, Russell A.; Konstant, William R.; Nicoll, Martin E.; Landgrand, Olivier

doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.1992.ssc-ap.5.en

Cited by 121 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Males and females also had white eye patches similar to but slightly lighter than in Eulemur fulvus fulvus. No Eulemur fulvus fulvus in the area had discernible eye patches, as Mittermeier et al (1994) suggested. Yes (1) Yes (1) Yes ( (5) Yes (2) Yes (1) Yes (2) Yes (47) Table I and (T) refers to trace evidence for this species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The body pelage of both the males and females was a light rufus color, easily distinguishable from the brown to the gray-brown color of Eulemur fulvus fulvus, but lighter than in E. f. rufus at Vohibola. The coat of most male Eulemur fulvus fulvus and E. f. rufus is brown to gray (Garbut, 1999;Mittermeier et al, 1994;Tattersall, 1982). The black facial and head fur of the males was similar to that of Eulemur fulvus fulvus, but the collar, considerably fuller and whiter, resembled that of E. f. rufus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated anthropogenic disturbances-agriculture, selective logging, and hunting-at each site with data from direct observations, accounts of social scientists working in the survey areas (Lehman, 2000), and interviews with local people. We asked people (N = 18) to identify lemurs from illustrations in Mittermeier et al (1994), including physical descriptions of each species, and requested information on hunting techniques. Though it is ideal to measure the intensity of each response variable directly, many researchers use subjective measures or expert knowledge of anthropogenic disturbances in conservation biology (Bojorquez-Tapia et al, 2003;Ricketts and Imhoff, 2003;Ricketts et al, 1999) because of the difficulties in accurately measuring some variations, such as hunting pressures or a lack of time to conduct exhaustive scientific research or both (Davis et al, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-term surveys at sites near the corridor found agriculture, selective logging, and hunting create intense pressure for lemurs (Irwin et al, 2000;Lehman and Wright, 2000). The potential loss of lemur populations is alarming because range maps based largely on subjective impressions of lemur biogeography show continuous distributions for many species throughout the corridor (Garbut, 1999;Mittermeier et al, 1992Mittermeier et al, , 1994Rowe, 1996;Wolfheim, 1983). For example, the maps tend to show 2 endangered lemurs, Milne-Edward's sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) and black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata), as ranging throughout the Fandriana-Marolambo forest corridor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Lehman

Ratsimbazafy²,

Rajaonson

et al. 2006

Int J Primatol

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show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Lehman

Ratsimbazafy²,

Rajaonson

et al. 2006

Int J Primatol

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show abstract

“…Collecting records from outside the extant range exist from localities to the east of the Maintirano/ Belo-Tsiribihina population and from the Namoroka area, 50 km south of Soalala, but the species is now presumed to be absent from these areas (Figure 1; Tattersall, 1982). Although H. g. occidentalis is classified as vulnerable, more information concerning its numbers and distribution in the wild is needed to ascertain its conservation status (Harcourt and Thornback, 1990;Mittermeier et al, 1992).…”

Section: Sighting Of the Western Gentle Lemur Hapalemur Griseus Occidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sighting of the western gentle lemur Hapalemur griseus occidentalis in north-west Madagascar

Curtis

Zaramody

Rabetsimialona³

1995

Oryx

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The grey gentle lemur Hapalemur griseus is currently divided into three subspecies. Of these, very little is known about the western gentle lemur H. g. occidentalis and survey work to assess its distribution and numbers is urgently needed. The sighting of this species approximately 200 km to the south and 200 km to the north of the previously recorded populations further highlights this need. The Tsiombikibo Forest, where Hapalemur was sighted, may harbour further surprises and should be investigated more extensively in order to assess habitat condition and the species present.

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Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: Coping with an island environment

Wright¹

1999

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

510

496

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The last decade's lemur research includes successes in discovering new living and extinct species and learning about the distribution, biogeography, physiology, behavior, and ecology of previously little-studied species. In addition, in both the dry forest and rain forest, long-term studies of lemur demography, life history, and reproduction, have been completed in conjunction with data on tree productivity, phenology, and climate. Lemurs contrast with anthropoids in several behavioral features, including female dominance, targeted female-female aggression, lack of sexual dimorphism regardless of mating system, sperm competition coupled with male-male aggression, high infant mortality, cathemerality, and strict seasonal breeding. Hypotheses to explain these traits include the "energy conservation hypothesis" (ECH) suggesting that harsh and unpredictable climate factors on the island of Madagascar have affected the evolution of female dominance, and the "evolutionary disequilibrium hypotheses" (EVDH) suggesting that the recent megafauna extinctions have influenced lemurs to become diurnal. These hypotheses are compared and contrasted in light of recent empirical data on climate, subfossils, and lemur behavior. New data on life histories of the rain forest lemurs at Ranomafana National Park give further support to the ECH. Birth seasons are synchronized within each species, but there is a 6-month distribution of births among species. Gestation and lactation lengths vary among sympatric lemurs, but all lemur species in the rain forest wean in synchrony at the season most likely to have abundant resources. Across-species weaning synchrony seen in Ranomafana corroborates data from the dry forest that late lactation and weaning is the life history event that is the primary focus of the annual schedule. Lemur adaptations may assure maximum offspring survival in this environment with an unpredictable food supply and heavy predation. In conclusion, a more comprehensive energy frugality hypothesis (EFH) is proposed, which postulates that the majority of lemur traits are either adaptations to conserve energy (e.g., low basal metabolic rate (BMR), torpor, sperm competition, small group size, seasonal breeding) or to maximize use of scarce resources (e.g., cathemerality, territoriality, female dominance, fibrous diet, weaning synchrony). Among primates, the isolated adaptive radiation of lemurs on Madagascar may have been uniquely characterized by selection toward efficiency to cope with the harsh and unpredictable island environment.

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Lemurs of Madagascar: an action plan for their conservation 1993-1999

Cited by 121 publications

References 20 publications

Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Ecological Correlates to Lemur Community Structure in Southeast Madagascar

Sighting of the western gentle lemur Hapalemur griseus occidentalis in north-west Madagascar

Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: Coping with an island environment

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