“…The other technology called unknown input observers (UIOs) was first proposed by Chen et al (1996) to diagnose faults in linear systems and then extended to Lipschitz nonlinear systems (Komachali and Shafiee, 2020;Nemati et al, 2019). It should be noted that the differential geometric decomposition method (Castaldi et al, 2014(Castaldi et al, , 2020Chakraborty and Vrabie, 2018) and the traditional UIO decomposition method (Chen et al, 1996;Komachali and Shafiee, 2020;Nemati et al, 2019) were both constrained by some existing conditions that would become invalid in certain scenarios. Therefore, another solution was to apply optimization techniques such as H N method (Zhong et al, 2003) to make the residual robust as much as possible against disturbances.…”