Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace (Arecaceae): A few biological and economic data from the Rio Negro region (Brazil)

Lescure, Jean-Paul; Emperaire, Laure; Franciscon, Carlos Henrique

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90093-o

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Historically, fibres of Leopoldinia piassaba were traded to Europe and were the economically most important source of palm fibres (Spruce, 1860). Nowadays, Leopoldinia fibres are of local importance only (Putz, 1979;Bernal, 1992;Lescure et al, 1992). In Europe palm fibres have been replaced by either plastic or, to a smaller extent, other natural fibres from annual crops such as hemp, linen and millet.…”

Section: Palm Fibrementioning

confidence: 98%

Trade in Palm Products in North-Western South America

et al. 2011

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Section: Palm Fibrementioning

confidence: 98%

Trade in Palm Products in North-Western South America

et al. 2011

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“…Despite this, fiber collecting and processing may constitute a very important part of the cash income of artisan and extractor communities and households (Lescure et al 1992;Jensen and Balslev 1995;Crepaldi et al 2007;Balslev et al 2010). Fiber harvesters can earn from $0.15 to $19.16 USD per day with an average of more than $1.25 USD per day, which is considered to place them above the poverty line for underdeveloped nations (Ravallion et al 2008).…”

Section: Social and Economic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use, Production and Conservation of Palm Fiber in South America: A Review

Isaza

Bernal

Howard

2013

Journal of Human Ecology

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South American ethnic groups traditionally use palm fiber, which provides materials for domestic, commercial, and ceremonial purposes. A literature review of 185 references was carried out in order to identify and understand the extent of palm fiber production and the sustainability of harvesting and use in South America. The reports recorded 111 palm species and 37 genera used for fiber in the region; the genera Attalea, Astrocaryum and Syagrus had the highest diversity of fiber-producing species. Mauritia flexuosa and Astrocaryum chambira were the species mostly reported and with the largest number of object types manufactured with their fibers. The geographical distribution of the species use nearly overlaps the natural distribution of palms in South America, reaching its highest diversity in northern Amazonia, where palms are used mostly by indigenous peopl e and peasants. The techniques used for extraction, harvesting and processing are usually basic and minimal. Most species are represented by wild populations found on common lands, the little detailed information available suggests that when use is intensive it is mosly unsustainable, and those with a greater market demand usually become locally extinct. Market demand, ecosystem conservation, and management practices used to boost fiber production are the major variables determining the sustainability of fiber extraction.

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“…Several parts of the plant provide fiber: hard fiber for manufacturing brushes from the leaf sheath of some species such as Aphandra natalia (Balslev et al 2008, Kronborg et al 2008 or Leopoldinia piassaba (Lescure et al 1992); rot-resistant fiber, e.g. for stuffing car seats, from the fruit of Cocos nucifera (Balick & Beck 1991); raw material for manufacturing furniture from the stem of the Calamus species (Kalima & Jasni 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and physicochemical properties of the chambira fiber

2012

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The anatomy of the unopened spear leaf of the chambira palm (Astrocaryum chambira), from which chambira fiber is extracted, is described and compared with that of three species (Astrocaryum jauari, occasionally used for fiber extraction, A. standleyanum and A. perangustatum, which do not provide any fiber). Chambira fiber consists of non-vascular fiber strands closely adhered to the adaxial hypodermis; this forms a compact unit, which makes it easy to separate from the rest of the lamina. A similar arrangement is found in Astrocaryum jauari; however, the non-vascular fiber cells are shorter and fewer per strand. Differences in leaf anatomy of Astrocaryum standleyanum and A. perangustatum may explain why fiber is not extracted: Astrocaryum standleyanum has a dense row of non-vascular fibrous strands under the adaxial hypodermis similar to Astrocaryum chambira but the large size of non-vascular fibrous strands that are located in the abaxial part of the mesophyll makes it difficult to properly extract fiber as is done with chambira. In Astrocaryum perangustatum, non-vascular fiber strands are small and irregularly dispersed in the mesophyll, which makes it impossible to extract quality fibers. Density, thickness and tensile strength are higher in chambira fiber than in jauari fiber. Chambira fiber presents a very high cellulose content (93.9%), while lignin content is low (4.2%). The ultrastructure of the cell wall of the non-vascular fiber is described for Astrocaryum chambira only. The major trait is a three-layered cell wall, with a notably thick inner layer. The physicochemical properties of chambira fiber are compared with other vegetal fibers used by the industry.Keywords: Arecaceae, Astrocaryum chambira, vegetal fiber, promising species, Peru. ResumenSe describe la anatomía de la lamina de la pinna en hojas no abiertas de la palmera chambira (Astrocaryum chambira), la que se utiliza para extraer la fibra, comparándola con otras tres especies (Astrocaryum jauari, de la cual ocasionalmente se obtiene una fibra, A. standleyanum y A. perangustatum, estas no proveen fibras). La estructura de la fibra consiste en paquetes de fibras no vasculares adheridos a la hipodermis y epidermis adaxial, lo cuales forman una unidad compacta, que se hace fácil separar del resto de la lámina. Una disposición similar se encuentra en la fibra de Astrocaryum jauari; sin embargo, esta especie tiene menos fibras celulares no vasculares por paquete, con menor longitud. Una disposición diferente es hallada en las otras dos especies lo cual no permite una separación de las fibras: en Astrocaryum standleyanum los paquetes de fibras no vasculares son localizados debajo de la hipodermis adaxial como lo son en Astrocaryum chambira, pero los paquetes de fibras no vasculares localizados en la parte abaxial del mesófilo son significativamente más grandes, lo que hace dificil extraer la fibra como se practica en chambira. En Astrocaryum perangustatum, los paquetes de fibras no vasculares son de menor tamaño y están dispersos en el mesó...

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Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace (Arecaceae): A few biological and economic data from the Rio Negro region (Brazil)

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Trade in Palm Products in North-Western South America

Trade in Palm Products in North-Western South America

Use, Production and Conservation of Palm Fiber in South America: A Review

Anatomy and physicochemical properties of the chambira fiber

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