Lepidopterous Pests

Simmons, Alvin M.; Wakil, Waqas; Qayyum, Mirza Abdul; Srinivasan, R.; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Philips, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802441-6.00006-1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…This research intends to provide baseline data that may be used to develop IPM guidelines for tomato growers to manage H. armigera. The dominance of H. armigera over S. exigua might be due to its high reproductive rate, longevity, larvae survival rates [61], and extensive host range [62]. We find that fruiting stage is the most vulnerable to larval infestation due to the larval preference for fruits over flowers and leaves at the fruiting stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Botanical biopesticides have an influence on tomato quality through pest control and are cost-effective for farmers in developing countries

Akhter,

Shah,

Yang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Synthetic insecticides heavily applied to manage agricultural pests are highly hazardous to the environment and non-target organisms. Their overuse through repeated treatments in smallholder farming communities is frequent. Botanical biopesticides are ideal for sustainable pest management in agricultural environments by keeping synthetic insecticide use at a minimum. Here we evaluated a locally prepared neem seed extract (NSE) alongside emamectin benzoate against both lepidopteran pests Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) on tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill under natural field conditions in Pakistan. We compared pest severity, fruit injury, quality, marketability, and cost:benefit ratio (CBR) between treatments. The concentration of azadirachtin A in the NSE was 26.5 ppm. NSE at 2% (20 mL/L) and the emamectin benzoate at the recommended field rate in Pakistan were sprayed weekly throughout the fruiting stage. The pest larvae were significantly more abundant on fruits than on flowers and leaves. Fruit injury and losses were significantly more important in untreated control compared to NSE and emamectin benzoate treatments. NSE efficacy varied with respect to the cultivars used and the seasons. Cultivar Eden harboured more pests than Adventa, and emamectin benzoate suppressed more pest individuals than NSE. Both the insecticidal treatments were comparable in terms of marketable yield productions as well as unmarketable, uninjured, and recovered fruit yields. NSE generated a higher CBR (1: 9.26) than emamectin benzoate (1: 3.23). NSE suppressed pests by acting as an antifeedant, similar to its synthetic counterpart. Smallholder growers can thus use NSE as a cost-effective solution in tomato pest management in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…armigera over S . exigua might be due to its high reproductive rate, longevity, larvae survival rates [ 61 ], and extensive host range [ 62 ]. We find that fruiting stage is the most vulnerable to larval infestation due to the larval preference for fruits over flowers and leaves at the fruiting stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botanical biopesticides have an influence on tomato quality through pest control and are cost-effective for farmers in developing countries

Akhter,

Shah,

Yang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…As for the species used in this work ( Planococcus ficus ), the males do not feed when they are adult due to their short life span, and their larvae also have different physical features [ 45 ]. In the case of many lepidopterans, their larvae are the biggest threat to agriculture [ 46 ]. Physical damage and pathogen transmission are assumed to be able to happen simultaneously.…”

Section: Pest Insects Control Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Pest Control Strategies with Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Fitri

Hanum

Kusnanto

et al. 2021

The Scientific World Journal

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Pest and plant diseases cause damages and economic losses, threatening food security and ecosystem services. Thus, proper pest management is indispensable to mitigate the risk of losses. The risk of environmental hazards induced by toxic chemicals alongside the rapid development of chemical resistance by insects entails more resilient, sustainable, and ecologically sound approaches to chemical methods of control. This study evaluates the application of three dynamical measures of controls, namely, green insecticide, mating disruption, and the removal of infected plants, in controlling pest insects. A model was built to describe the interaction between plants and insects as well as the circulation of the pathogen. Optimal control measures are sought in such a way they maximize the healthy plant density jointly with the pests’ density under the lowest possible control efforts. Our simulation study shows that all strategies succeed in controlling the insects. However, a cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that a strategy with two measures of green insecticide and plant removal is the most cost-effective, followed by one which applies all control measures. The best strategy projects the decrease of potential loss from 65.36% to 6.12%.

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“…Larvae also vary in colors and length of full grown larvae is almost 40–45 mm having longitudinal bands with two dark spots present on its dorsal side. Adult moth is grayish brown in color ( Simmons et al, 2018 ) and egg hatches within 3–5 days and life cycle complete in 5 weeks ( Ahmad et al., 2021 ). Due to its gregarious feeding behavior, if not managed timely, serious damage on crops may occur and cause reduced crop yield ( Dhir, Mohapatra & Senapati, 1992 ; Ahmad, Saleem & Sayyed, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal and sublethal effects of flubendiamide and spirotetramat against the leaf worm, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) under laboratory conditions

un-Nisa,

Ahmad,

Sheikh

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The leaf worm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious insect pest of many economically important cultivated crops like cotton, maize, tobocco and vegetables causing severe economic losses from 50–100%. In most crops, damage arises due to voracious feeding by the larvae and leads to the skeletonizing of leaves. Toxicological studies were performed to estimate lethal and sublethal levels of flubendiamide and spirotetramat against S. litura. Effects of these estimated values were assessed on different biological traits of S. litura including life duration, survival and next generation potential. Both flubendiamide and spirotetramat showed toxic responses against second instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. Larval duration and survival rate of S. litura to were significantly different. Exposure to test insecticides resulted in negative effect on the demography of S. litura as longer life cycle and decreased fecundity. Changes in net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase also helped to decide the fate of these insecticides. Low reproductive potential and low hatching percentage due to exposure to test insecticides can help to manage next generation of target pest. These two new chemistry insecticides can be recommended for their effective and long-term utilization against this important leaf feeder which may help its management and decrease economic losses faced by the growers. Their impact on larval duration and low survival rate at lethal levels guides about their potential in pest control.

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Lepidopterous Pests

Cited by 9 publications

References 185 publications

Botanical biopesticides have an influence on tomato quality through pest control and are cost-effective for farmers in developing countries

Botanical biopesticides have an influence on tomato quality through pest control and are cost-effective for farmers in developing countries

Optimal Pest Control Strategies with Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Lethal and sublethal effects of flubendiamide and spirotetramat against the leaf worm, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) under laboratory conditions

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