Leprosy review

Makhakhe, Lehlohonolo

doi:10.4102/safp.v63i1.5311

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hypertrichosis is defined as excessive hair growth in both density and length beyond the accepted limits for age. 12 …”

Section: Hair Growth Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities

Makhakhe

2022

South African Family Practice

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Humans have utilised cannabis products in various forms throughout the recorded history. To date, more than 500 biologically active components have been identified in the plants of the Cannabis genus, amongst which more than 100 were classified as phytocannabinoids (exocannabinoids). The plant genus Cannabis is a member of the plant family Cannabaceae, and there are three primary cannabis species which vary in their biochemical constituents: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. There has been a growing level of interest in research on the topical usage of a cannabis-based extract as a safer and more effective alternative to the usage of topical corticosteroids in treating some dermatoses. Together with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors on the skin, it has been further illustrated that topical cannabis has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, analgesics, wound healing and anti-proliferative effects on the skin.

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“…Hypertrichosis is defined as excessive hair growth in both density and length beyond the accepted limits for age. 12 …”

Section: Hair Growth Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities

Makhakhe

2022

South African Family Practice

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“…Samples are processed to examine the presence of acidfast bacilli (AFB) using modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining 1,2 . Individuals with positive skin smear microscopy are considered multibacillary, regardless of the number of skin lesions, although those with negative skin smear microscopy do not have the diagnosis of leprosy ruled out [3][4][5] . From a public health perspective, sputum skin smear microscopy is advantageous for diagnosing leprosy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacilloscopy for leprosy in Brazil's public health system between 2013 and 2022

Barbosa-Lima,

Vivian,

Alba

et al. 2023

Rev Cienc Saude

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Objective: To evaluate the annual number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy performed in the Unified Health System (SUS) in the last decade. Methods: An ecological, longitudinal, retrospective, and quantitative study was conducted using data from the Ambulatory Information System (SIA/SUS). The number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy per 100,000 residents was estimated for Brazil and its five macroregions, between 2013 and 2022, with a significance level (a) of 5%. Results: More than 1.3 million skin smear microscopies were reported in the last decade in the SUS. The median annual incidence was 67 skin smear microscopies for leprosy per 100,000 residents, with the maximum observed in 2013 (82) and the minimum in 2022 (46). Annual incidences in the North, Central-West, and Northeast macro-regions were significantly higher than the national estimate, whereas in the South and Southeast, they were lower (p <0.05). The temporal trend was considered decreasing for the national estimate (p = 0.002), with an annual percentage variation of -5.6% (95%CI = -3.8%; -8.2%). However, after disregarding the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), the trend became stationary (p = 0.181). Furthermore, the incidence during the pre-pandemic period was significantly higher compared with the third year after the advent of the pandemic in all macro-regions of Brazil (p <0.05). Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the SUS performed a significant number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy in the last ten years, but there are macro-regional disparities in Brazil and a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Leprosy is an infectious disease that is caused by the intracellular bacillus Mycobacterium leprae , whose magnitude and disabling power make the disease a worldwide public health problem [ 1 ]. Although some regions of the world have achieved the reduction and elimination of the disease, countries such as India, Brazil, and Indonesia were responsible for 74% of the 127,396 new cases of leprosy registered in 2020 [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Patients with Leprosy and Their Family Contacts in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2022

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The present study aimed at analyzing the serum levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-3 (FCN3) in leprosy patients and their healthy family contacts in a hyperendemic region in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 90 patients who had been diagnosed with leprosy and 79 healthy family contacts. Serum levels of the MBL and FCN3 proteins were measured using the immunofluorometric assay (ELISA). Clinical information was determined from the patients’ charts. It was observed that the leprosy patients were more likely to be male (OR = 2.17; p = 0.01) and younger than fifteen years of age (OR = 2.01; p = 0.03) when compared to the family contacts. Those under 15 years of age had higher levels of MBL (4455 ng/mL) than those over 15 years of age (2342 ng/mL; p = 0.018). Higher FCN3 levels were identified in patients with indeterminate leprosy (41.9 µg/mL) compared to those with the lepromatous form (34.3 µg/mL; p = 0.033) and in those with no physical disabilities (38.1 µg/mL) compared to those with some disability (p = 0.031). Higher FCN3 levels were also observed in the group of patients without leprosy reactions (37.4 µg/mL) compared to those with type 1 (33.7 µg/mL) and type 2 (36.1 µg/mL) reactions. The MBL levels were higher in children under 15 years of age than they were in adults. It was evidenced that higher FCN3 serum levels were associated with early and transient clinical forms and lower expression in severe forms of leprosy.

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Leprosy review

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities

Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities

Bacilloscopy for leprosy in Brazil's public health system between 2013 and 2022

Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Patients with Leprosy and Their Family Contacts in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Brazil

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