Background. Leprosy is an infectious disease that can lead to physical disabilities and stigmatization. It remains an important public health problem, especially in Brazil. Objective. To analyse sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with multibacillary leprosy in a hyperendemic region of the disease in northeastern Brazil. Method. This is a retrospective observational study with secondary data acquired from 2012 to 2015, from a group of leprosy cases reported in a reference outpatient clinic for the treatment and followup of leprosy in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhao, in northeastern Brazil. Results. From 905 new cases of leprosy studied, 656 (72.5%) were classified as multibacillary leprosy and 249 (27.5%) as paucibacillary leprosy. We observed that men were more likely to present 5 to 15 skin lesions (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18-1.49; p <0.0001) and >15 skin lesions (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09 -1.45; p = 0.005) and a lower chance of having <5 skin lesions (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.59-0.76; p <0.0001). Women were more likely to have no affected nerves compared to men (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.20-1.77; p <0.0001). The age range of 16 to 60 years showed a greater chance of having <5 skin lesions (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.007-1.20; p = 0.03) and a lower chance of having 5 to 15 skin lesions (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23; p= 0.008) and a lower chance of being a grade I disability ( CI= 0.73-0.94; p=0.83) and II (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98; p=000.1). Conclusion. Cases of multibacillary leprosy were associated with male gender, low educational level, and clinical variables such as number of skin lesions and grade I or II disability.
Objective: Identify condom use in people living with HIV/AIS attended at a Specialized Care Service in STD/ HIV/AIDS and associate it with sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Methods: Cross-sectional study, involving 300 people living with HIV/AIDS between 18 and 66 years of age. Student's t-test was used for intergroup comparison. The association between condom use and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors was verified using Pearson's correlation tests and its effect was measured through the odds ratio. Results: It was observed that 79.3% of the participants reported using condoms in sexual relations. Single people had less chance of using condoms than married women. And not revealing the HIV positive status to the partner increases the chances of using the condom. Conclusion: Condom use is frequent among people living with HIV/AIDS, even when they do not reveal the positive serum status to their partners, but a significant part of the single people have unprotected sexual practices. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar o uso de preservativo em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS atendidas em um Serviço de Assistência Especializado em DST/HIV/AIDS e associá-los a variáveis sociodemograficas e comportamentais. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 300 pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS com idade entre 18 e 66 anos. O teste t Student foi utilizado para comparação entre os grupos. A associação entre o uso de preservativo e os fatores sociodemograficos e comportamentais foi verificada por meio dos testes de correlação de Pearson e medida seu efeito por meio da razão de chance. Resultados: Observou-se que 79,3% dos participantes relataram o uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais. Os solteiros tinham menor chance de usarem o preservativo que os casados. E não revelar a sorologia HIV positiva para o parceiro, aumenta as chances de usar o preservativo. Conclusão: O uso do preservativo é uma prática frequente entre as pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS, mesmo quando não revelam a sorologia positiva aos parceiros, porém uma parcela significativa de pessoas solteiras têm práticas sexuais desprotegidas.
Objetivou-se identificar o perfil dos óbitos por tuberculose pulmonar em um município do nordeste brasileiro durante o período de 2005-2014. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade na qual a amostra foi composta por 37 óbitos cuja causa básica foi por tuberculose pulmonar. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Houve prevalência de óbitos com idade média de 60 anos, predomínio da forma pulmonar, sem menção de confirmação bacteriológica ou histológica (81,0%), sexo masculino (65,0%), raça/cor parda (67,0%), estado civil solteiro (51,0%), parcela predominante apresentou ensino médio completo (32,0%) e aposentados (32,0%). Observou-se ainda que a maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no hospital (73,0%), com assistência médica antes do óbito (76,0%), sendo a maior parcela atestada por médico assistente (38,0%) e a maioria absoluta dos óbitos (94,0%) não foi submetida à necropsia. A presente investigação revelou o perfil de uma população fatalmente atingida pela tuberculose pulmonar, evidenciando aspectos epidemiológicos importantes a serem considerados em termos de gestão e organização dos serviços de saúde para a equidade no acesso, desenvolvimento social e intensificação das ações de controle da doença.
Objective: to describe the profile of women treated at Primary Care Unit and identify the attitudes toward early detectionof breast cancer. Methods: exploratory and descriptive research conducted with 40 women aged over 20 years, afternursing consultation. Results: it was verified that a share of participants presented risk factors for breast cancer, especiallymenarche before age 12, 57% (n=23); no breast examination during the consultation, 70% (n=28); and never have donebreast examination, 57.5% (n=23). As for performing the self-examination, 80% (n=32) of women said they knew how todo it, of which 65.5% reported performing it monthly, 12.5% never did it, and 23% of women over 40 years did not undergomammography. Conclusion: we highlight the need to develop effective educational interventions addressing the risk factorsand early detection of breast cancer in the health services.
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