Les nouvelles technologies en autonomie et santé : un déplacement des frontières de la connaissance

Abstract

Une forte attente sociale préside au développement de certaines technologies en santé. Elle porte essentiellement sur la relocalisation ou la re-personnalisation de l’information médicale. La maladie ne doit plus être traitée sous le seul angle fonctionnel, mais également sous celui de la culture, de l’histoire et du savoir expérientiel du patient. Cette redéfinition de la maladie nous renvoie donc à une approche sociale de la santé, qui est plus qualitative que technologique, mais dans laquelle les médecins, en tant que praticiens, peuvent aussi se reconnaître. Ce qui fait lien entre le savoir dit « expert » et le savoir dit « profane », c’est leur condition sociale de production, le fait que ces savoirs s’élaborent dans la relation.

Exploratory study of the implications of research on the use of smart connected devices for prevention: a scoping review

“…The literature on this aspect emphasizes the empowerment potential [ 46 , 47 ] of patients with respect to health care professionals resulting from the use of these devices, allowing them to become active partners of their own health [ 48 ]. The use of smart devices in the preventive or curative health care relationship introduces a form of “media medicine” [ 49 ] or apomediation [ 46 ] meaning remote mediation between the patient and his/her body detached from the doctor, which results in a new doctor/patient relationship articulated around scientific and lay knowledge [ 19 ] leading to the emergence of new health care models [ 28 , 50 ]. The patient becomes patient-expert and the doctor accompanies the patient in his/her life trajectory [ 14 ], by replacing a repair strategy by a lifelong support strategy [ 51 ] of an empowered and networking patient [ 52 – 54 ], corresponding to an ascending approach to medicine, which could result in a knowledge competition between health care professionals and their patients [ 55 ].…”

“…The patient becomes patient-expert and the doctor accompanies the patient in his/her life trajectory [ 14 ], by replacing a repair strategy by a lifelong support strategy [ 51 ] of an empowered and networking patient [ 52 – 54 ], corresponding to an ascending approach to medicine, which could result in a knowledge competition between health care professionals and their patients [ 55 ]. This competition is increasing in parallel with the growth of a large on-line community [ 13 , 28 , 56 – 61 ] and information sharing, concerning both disease and healthy lifestyles, which redefine the hierarchy of knowledge [ 19 ]. In France, for example, more than one half of the population and 61 % of subjects with a chronic disease search the internet for health-related information [ 50 ].…”

“…Consequently, in the field of health, also marked by increasing life expectancy, an increasing number of chronic diseases and the growth of outpatient management [ 19 , 20 ], these devices will inevitably occupy an increasingly important place alongside conventional curative and preventive health policies and management. However, few data are available, especially in the field of prevention.…”