Les pôles de compétitivité à l'heure de l'évaluation : quel modèle de « cluster à la française » ?

Tixier, Julie; Gonçalves, Luciana Castro

doi:10.3917/rindu.082.0103

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Set up in 2005, French competitiveness clusters can be viewed as proactive tools of the government’s Research and Development (R&D) policy, whose main objectives are to help fund and foster innovative collaborative projects between firms, higher education hubs and public and private research units at the regional level (Brette and Chappoz, 2007). Such groupings − which Tixier and Castro-Gonçalves (2008) have called ‘Clusters à la française’ − include specific governance bodies (General Assembly, Board of Directors, Technical Committees), while central authorities retain important roles in setting clusters up and financing the R&D projects that they certify (Brette and Chappoz, 2007). In 2012, the 71 French competitiveness clusters accounted for 835,000 jobs, 1 corresponding to 3.2 percent of the total number of French employees, and accounted for 4.5 percent of total public and private R&D expenditures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career scripts in clusters: A social position approach

Valette

Culié²

2015

Human Relations

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This article examines the career scripts held by individuals working in clusters by studying the careers seen as desirable and possible by 42 micro-nanotechnology and computer science researchers in the 'Minalogic' cluster, the French equivalent of Silicon Valley. We consider the links between the researchers' career scripts and their social positions and identify six discrete career scripts that we label organizational nomad, entrepreneurial, organizational extension, cloister, escape and conversion. Central social positions in the cluster are linked with boundaryless career scripts (organizational nomad and entrepreneurial scripts), but individuals also use the resources associated with their central social positions to envisage both extending their careers and the range of tasks they undertake (organizational extension script) within their employing organizations. Others − those holding peripheral social positions − may be unable to match the cluster's expectations, and so feel trapped in involuntary immobility (cloister script), constrained to leave the cluster (escape script) or to change their occupations or broaden their skill sets to advance their careers within it (conversion script). Our article goes beyond simply using scripts as descriptions to propose a more comprehensive approach by highlighting the social dimension of career scripts. Our results qualify the supposed predominance of the boundaryless career notion by confronting it with the wider generic notion of the career script, so proposing a more complete description of how a cluster shapes individuals' career definitions and aspirations, as well as a more complex theorization of how those careers are influenced by the cluster context.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career scripts in clusters: A social position approach

Valette

Culié²

2015

Human Relations

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“…Les pôles de compétitivité se distinguent néanmoins des clusters nord-américains sur plusieurs points. La différence la plus importante est la forte implication des pouvoirs publics au sein des pôles (Retour, 2009 ;Tixier et Castro Gonçalves, 2008). Contrairement aux clusters, c'est l'État qui est à l'origine des pôles de compétitivité et qui occupe un rôle majeur dans le financement de ces activités.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Création des pôles de compétitivité et salaire des ingénieurs

Bonnard¹,

Giret²,

Lemistre

2015

rei

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La création des pôles de compétitivité en France a permis un investissement massif dans des projets de R&D dans certains territoires. S’appuyant sur le développement de synergie entre les entreprises, les centres de recherche et les établissements de formation, ces pôles devraient favoriser une politique de ressources humaines propice à l’innovation. Notre recherche propose d’examiner l’effet de la création de ces pôles sur le salaire des diplômés des écoles d’ingénieurs. Une méthode de « différence de différence » avec appariement est utilisée pour comparer les rémunérations des jeunes diplômés avant et après la création des pôles. Les résultats montrent des effets positifs de la création des pôles sur les salaires des jeunes ingénieurs, notamment lorsqu’ils travaillent dans la R&D.

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“…However since its implementation, the competitiveness cluster raises many questions in scientific communities. One of the first concerns is the issue of its governance and coordination of different actors (Tixier & Castro-Gonçalves, 2008;Défélix et al, 2009;Gomez, 2009;Retour, 2009). Indeed, each competitiveness cluster has its own mode of governance, in most cases, an association composed of industrial actors, academic and local authorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of Diffusion of Competitiveness Clusters’ Technologies: A Brief Theoretical Note

Iritié¹

2015

IJEF

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Competitiveness clusters (or innovation clusters) are the focal point of French new industrial policy. They are based on classical cluster model and its well-known agglomeration positive externalities and on benefits of cooperation. After a brief literature review of cluster theory, we focus on the theoretical conditions under which French innovation clusters can foster production and diffusion of technological innovations. Our short critical analysis points out three non-exhaustive conditions: (i) the capacity to coordinate and to incitate cooperation in R&D; (ii) the capacity to favor production and technological knowledge transfer; (iii) the capacity to promote and to keep R&D appropriation by cooperating innovators.

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Les pôles de compétitivité à l'heure de l'évaluation : quel modèle de « cluster à la française » ?

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Career scripts in clusters: A social position approach

Career scripts in clusters: A social position approach

Création des pôles de compétitivité et salaire des ingénieurs

Conditions of Diffusion of Competitiveness Clusters’ Technologies: A Brief Theoretical Note

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