Less Is More: Expectation Sharpens Representations in the Primary Visual Cortex

Kok, Peter; Jehee, Janneke; Lange, Floris P. de

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.034

Cited by 712 publications

(961 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Previously, Kok et al, (2012) found better multivariate pattern (MVPA) classification rates for expected conditions when compared to surprising conditions, suggesting that the reduction of the neural response amplitudes for expected stimuli is associated with an the improvement of the stimulus representation. Therefore, future MVPA studies could clarify further the neural mechanism behind this reduced BOLD response we observed for the nonpredicted, neutral and predicted conditions as compared to unpredicted condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

et al. 2016

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In recent years, several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that correct stimulus predictions reduce the neural responses when compared to surprising events (Egner et al., 2010). Further, it has been shown that such fulfilled expectations enhance the magnitude of repetition suppression (RS, i.e. a decreased neuronal response after the repetition of a given stimulus) in face selective visual cortex as well (Summerfield et al., 2008).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

et al. 2016

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“…The results confirmed their earlier extracellular electrode recordings in showing that much contextual modulation occurs within V1. Finally, Kok, Jehee, and de Lange (2012) report functional neuroimaging findings suggesting that expectation and task-relevance reduce activity in visual cortex by 'sharpening' it, i.e. by enhancing neural responses that are consistent with expectations or are relevant to the task and suppressing those that are inconsistent or irrelevant.…”

Section: Staying Viable By Prediction Error Minimizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

On the functions, mechanisms, and malfunctions of intracortical contextual modulation

Phillips

Clark

Silverstein

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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A broad neuron-centric conception of contextual modulation is reviewed and re-assessed in the light of recent neurobiological studies of amplification, suppression, and synchronization. Behavioural and computational studies of perceptual and higher cognitive functions that depend on these processes are outlined, and evidence that those functions and their neuronal mechanisms are impaired in schizophrenia is summarized. Finally, we compare and assess the long-term biological functions of contextual modulation at the level of computational theory as formalized by the theories of coherent infomax and free energy reduction. We conclude that those theories, together with the many empirical findings reviewed, show how contextual modulation at the neuronal level enables the cortex to flexibly adapt the use of its knowledge to current circumstances by amplifying and grouping relevant activities and by suppressing irrelevant activities.

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“…Therefore, the representation of expected sensory input is sparse, but highly efficient (Jehee, Rothkopf, Beck, & Ballard, 2006). Even though the resulting neural activation for unexpected sensory stimulation appears more widespread (since there is less predicted activation to be supressed), it will be less efficient at representing the sensory input than the activation for expected stimuli (Kok, Jehee, & de Lange, 2012;Koster-Hale & Saxe, 2013).…”

Section: Deriving Hypotheses About Neural Patterns Of Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A social Bayesian brain: How social knowledge can shape visual perception

Otten

Seth

Pinto

2017

Brain and Cognition

108

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(2017) A social Bayesian brain: how social knowledge can shape visual perception. Brain and Cognition, 112. pp. 69-77. ISSN 0278-2626 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/61149/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. A growing body of research suggests that social contextual factors such as desires and goals, affective states and stereotypes can shape early perceptual processes. We suggest that a generative Bayesian approach towards perception provides a powerful theoretical framework to accommodate how such high-level social factors can influence low-level perceptual processes in their earliest stages. We review experimental findings that show how social factors shape the perception and evaluation of people, behavior, and socially relevant objects or information. Subsequently, we summarize the generative view of perception within the 'Bayesian brain', and show how such a framework can account for the pervasive effects of top-down social knowledge on social cognition. Finally, we sketch the theoretical and experimental implications of social predictive perception, indicating new directions for research on the effects and neurocognitive underpinnings of social cognition. 3Humans are intensely social animals: social interaction in all shapes and sizes forms a core aspect of our existence. The things we know, both consciously (explicitly) and unconsciously (implicitly), about other people helps us to swiftly interpret their behaviour and respond appropriately. In recent years, evidence has mounted that social knowledge shapes not just how we interpret the world around us, but also how we perceive it (see for example Barrett & Bar, 2009). Research from experimental social psychology focussing mainly on visual perception suggests that social contextual factors can subtly but substantially change how a stimulus is processed, which in turn changes the percept that people experience. In this paper, we provide an overview of the ...

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Less Is More: Expectation Sharpens Representations in the Primary Visual Cortex

Cited by 712 publications

References 38 publications

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

On the functions, mechanisms, and malfunctions of intracortical contextual modulation

A social Bayesian brain: How social knowledge can shape visual perception

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