Less severe course of COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of antibodies against seasonal human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 (HCoV OC43, HCoV HKU1)

Dugas, Martin; Grote-Westrick, Tanja; Vollenberg, Richard; Lorentzen, Eva; Brix, Tobias; Schmidt, Hartmut; Tepasse, Phil‐Robin; Kühn, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.085

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Diagnosis followed the clinical description released by the World Health Organization (14). COVID-19 patients were confirmed by the use of SARS-CoV-2specific RT-PCR analysis of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs (28). Patients having acute disease (n = 32) were hospitalized in the university clinic, including interventions at ICU (n = 15).…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein in Patients of the Acute and Convalescent Phase of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Understanding the course of the antibody response directed to individual epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 proteins is crucial for serological assays and establishment of vaccines. Twenty-one synthetic peptides were synthesized that have ten amino acids overlap and cover the complete membrane (M) protein. Plasma samples from 32 patients having acute disease and 30 patients from the convalescent phase were studied. Only peptide M01 (aa 1–20) and to a lesser extent peptide M21 (aa 201–222) showed specific reactivity as compared to historical control plasma samples. Peptide M01 was recognized by IgM- (71.9%) and IgG-specific antibodies (43.8%) during the acute phase as early as day 8 PIO. In a longitudinal analysis, a higher reactivity was observed for the IgM response directed to peptide M01 following day 20 PIO as compared to earlier time points of the acute phase. In the convalescent phase, antibody reactivity to the two M-specific peptides was significantly lower (<30% seropositivity). A fusion protein encoding major parts of RBD also showed higher rates of recognition during acute (50.0%) and lower rates in the convalescent phase (23.3%). Taken together, our results suggest that during the acute phase of COVID-19 antibodies are raised to two linear epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein, located at the very N- and C-termini, showing almost similar levels of reactivity as immunodominant linear epitopes derived from the spike and nucleocapsid protein. Anti-M is also present in the convalescent phase of COVID-19 patients, however at lower levels, with the N-terminus of the M protein as a preferred target.

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Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein in Patients of the Acute and Convalescent Phase of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…This finding is in line with one previous study showing that even in advanced age, an immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 was developed and was still present in most patients months after recovery [ 27 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Another potential explanation may be that older patients may had more repetitive exposures to seasonal coronaviruses that can induce cross-reactive T cells and antibodies recognizing regions of the Membrane (M) or Spike (S) proteins, which are conserved among several coronaviruses [ 42 , 43 ]. Especially, the Membrane (M) protein accounting for the overall shape of the viral envelope is the most abundant structural protein of the coronavirus family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immunity Is Affected by the Severity of Initial COVID-19 and Patient Age

Konik¹,

Lindemann

Zettler³

et al. 2021

JCM

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the greatest medical challenge. Although crucial to the future management of the pandemic, the factors affecting the persistence of long-term SARS-CoV-2 immunity are not well understood. Therefore, we determined the extent of important correlates of SARS-CoV-2 specific protection in 200 unvaccinated convalescents after COVID-19. To investigate the effective memory response against the virus, SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell and humoral immunity (including virus-neutralizing antibodies) was determined over a period of one to eleven months. SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses were present in 90% of individual patients. Notably, immunosuppressed patients did not have long-term SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity. In our cohort, the severity of the initial illness influenced SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immune responses and patients’ humoral immune responses to Spike (S) protein over the long-term, whereas the patients’ age influenced Membrane (M) protein-specific T cell responses. Thus, our study not only demonstrated the long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunity, it also determined COVID-19 severity and patient age as significant factors affecting long-term immunity.

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“…noted that a less severe course of COVID-19 was associated with elevated levels of antibodies against endemic coronaviruses. 53 They concluded that prior infections with endemic coronaviruses might protect against a severe course of disease. Gouma et al.…”

Section: Antibody Responses Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected roles of IgG Fc-binding protein secreted from airway mucin-producing cells in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021

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Both innate immunity and acquired immunity are involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The induction of Abs that neutralize the virus has been described, and certain Abs against endemic coronaviruses may cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Detailed mechanisms to protect against the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 remain unresolved. We previously reported that IgG Fc-binding protein (Fcγbp), a unique, large molecular weight, and mucin-like secretory Fc receptor protein, secreted from goblet cells of human small and large intestine, mediates the transportation of serum IgG onto the mucosal surface. In this review, we show that mucous bronchial gland cells and some goblet cells are immunoreactive for Fcγbp. Fcγbp traps the cross-reactive (both neutralizing and non-neutralizing) IgG bound to the virus and can consequently eliminate the virus from the mucosal surface to decrease viral loads. Fcγbp can also suppress immune overreaction by interfering with Fc-binding by macrophages and competing with complement fixation. Fcγbp secreted from mucin-producing cells of the airway functions as an important anti-infection mucosal defense. The Fcγbp-mediated mechanism can be a key factor in explaining why SARS-CoV-2 is less infective/lethal in children, and may also be involved in the unique Ab response, recurrent infection, and effects of serum therapy and vaccination.

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Less severe course of COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of antibodies against seasonal human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 (HCoV OC43, HCoV HKU1)

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein in Patients of the Acute and Convalescent Phase of COVID-19

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein in Patients of the Acute and Convalescent Phase of COVID-19

Long-Term SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immunity Is Affected by the Severity of Initial COVID-19 and Patient Age

Neglected roles of IgG Fc-binding protein secreted from airway mucin-producing cells in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection

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