Lessons from the American Experiment with Market-Based Environmental Policies

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

Certification of sustainable forest management practices: a global perspective on why countries certify

“…Different instrument choices that governments can use to protect the environment and encourage sustainable development include command-and-control regulations that have historically been preferred and continue to be the instrument of choice (Stavins, 2002), and marketbased incentives that promote flexibility in achieving 1389-9341/$ -see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.…”

“…1016/j.forpol.2004.04.003 environmental objectives (Porter and van der Linde, 1995;Lippke and Oliver, 1993). Market incentives include tax-subsidy and cap-and-trade schemes (Stavins, 2002;Weitzman, 1974). However, whether regulations or incentives are employed, state involvement is generally required, if only to determine the cap level and enforce and monitor the subsequent trading mechanism.…”

Assessing market-based environmental policy using a case study of North Pacific fisheries

“…Adler, 2000;Aidt and Dutta, 2004;Kosobud and Zimmerman, 1997c;Stavins, 2002; see also Kamarck, 2002). Market approaches are explicitly designed to replace these regulatory approaches; e.g.…”

“…The lack of flexibility also creates a disincentive for firms to invent, innovate, and diffuse new technologies and ways of doing things (Jaffe et al, 2003). Regulations could, in theory, be designed to be more flexible, but this would require that regulators have detailed information that is either not available or too costly to acquire; markets avoid this information problem because prices incorporate multiple types and sources of information-including personal values-as expressed in myriad decisions about buying and selling (Adler, 2000;Kula, 1998;Smith, 2000b;Stavins, 2002). Because of this range of drawbacks, therefore, regulatory approaches create economic hardships, are often ineffective, and are divisive.…”

Market-based solutions: An appropriate approach to resolve environmental problems

“…Pollution charge systems "assess a fee or tax on the amount of pollution that a firm or source generates" (Stavins 2001). The companies are willing to reduce the pollution to the level when the marginal abatement cost can equate the fee they pay.…”