Let’s you do that: Sharing the cognitive burdens of dialogue

Eyetracking for two-person tasks with manipulation of a virtual world

“…Often resources are provided for joint actors on the assumption that whatever is available to an actor is used. Sometimes (see Bard, Anderson, et al, 2007) this proves not to be the case. The data that were recorded for the present experiment permitted very fine-grained analyses of action/gaze sequences that would allow us to discover without further coding who consults what information at critical phases of their actions.…”

“…The effect of copresence on joint action (Fussell & Kraut, 2004;Horton & Keysar, 1996;Kraut, Fussell, & Siegel, 2003;Kraut et al, 2002) can also easily be manipulated by altering the proximity of the two eyetrackers-the limit only depending on the network connections. Similarly, the effect of perspective on language use (Hanna & Tanenhaus, 2004), including the use of deictic expressions such as "this" or "that," can be investigated, as well as the differences in eye movements during comprehension (Spivey, Tanenhaus, Eberhard, & Sedivy, 2002) versus production (Horton & Keysar, 1996), and whether speakers engage in "audience design" or instead operate along more egocentric lines (Bard, Anderson, et al, 2007;Bell, 1984). Functional roles, such as instruction giver or follower, can be assigned to members of a dyad to determine how this might influence gaze behavior and the formation of referring expressions (Engelhardt, Bailey, & Ferreira, 2006).…”

“…In another, two eyetrackers are used in parallel with static displays but without cross-communication between one person's tracker and the other's screen (Hade lich & Crocker, 2006;Richardson, Dale, & Kirkham, 2007;Richard son, Dale, & Tomlinson, 2009). In a third, one participant's scanpath is simulated by using an automatic process to display a moving icon while genuinely eyetracking the other participant as he or she views the display (Bard, Anderson, et al, 2007). In a fourth, Brennan et al (2008) projected genuine eye position from one machine onto the screen of another while participants shared a visual search task over a static display.…”

Supervision of Autonomous Vehicles: Mutual Modeling and Interaction Management

“…Perspective taking on addressee's point of view on mutual awareness; · Higher levels of consideration of each other's mutual beliefs are possible, but are rarely deployed. These strategies are listed in order of ascending complexity [12]. Complexity concerns Human beings, who tend to rely on the simplest sufficient strategy for the current purpose, but concerns also the OSS if these strategies are to be implemented.…”

Tuning accessibility of referring expressions in situated dialogue

“…For example, when another individual's attention is manifested in a visible eyetrack throughout a shared task, speakers' task strategies differ globally from those used in sessions without this cue (Bard, et al, 2007;Brennan, Chen, Dickinson, Neider, & Zelinsky, 2008). In a route communication task, however, Bard et al (2007) also found that speakers' use of the interlocutor's eyetrack was limited: they recognized that its arrival at the goal of an current instruction signalled its success, but were insensitive to its location elsewhere when it indicated an error, and they failed to make genuinely contingent responses. In a similar task , interlocutors made a behavioural distinction between global availability and local use of one another's faces (Anderson, Bard, Sotillo, Newlands, & Doherty-Sneddon, 1997).…”