Let the rich be flooded: The distribution of financial aid and distress after hurricane harvey

Billings, Stephen B.; Gallagher, Emily; Ricketts, Lowell R.

doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.11.006

Cited by 83 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, this managed retreat program is available only to privileged communities [ 57 ]. Furthermore, Black disaster survivors have a lower probability of receiving FEMA assistance, and FEMA provides greater postdisaster financial assistance to white disaster survivors, even when the amount of damage is the same [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Climate Change Exacerbates Health Inequitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities

Nogueira

White

Bell

et al. 2022

Translational Behavioral Medicine

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Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in human history. It has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization and leading researchers from academic institutions around the globe. Structural racism disproportionately exposes communities targeted for marginalization to the harmful consequences of climate change through greater risk of exposure and sensitivity to climate hazards and less adaptive capacity to the health threats of climate change. Given its interdisciplinary approach to integrating behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical knowledge, the discipline of behavioral medicine is uniquely qualified to address the systemic causes of climate change-related health inequities and can offer a perspective that is currently missing from many climate and health equity efforts. In this article, we summarize relevant concepts, describe how climate change and structural racism intersect to exacerbate health inequities, and recommend six strategies with the greatest potential for addressing climate-related health inequities.

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Section: Climate Change Exacerbates Health Inequitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities

Nogueira

White

Bell

et al. 2022

Translational Behavioral Medicine

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“…It should be noted that the social vulnerability indicators examined in this study neither include the consequences of the unequal exposures shown during the flash and slow-rise floods nor the indicators of resilience, risk perception, and coping capacity in the analysis. However, prior studies investigating flood recovery experiences for vulnerable populations have reported that areas with a high representation of the socially vulnerable are less likely to receive financial assistance from the different government agencies [65,66]. Considering that future forecast and storm predictions show that climate change is expected to intensify flood risks in these locations susceptible to high rainfall accumulation producing storms [67], our results inform regions where resources for damage prevention (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Spatial distribution of socio-demographic and housing-based factors in relation to flash and slow-rise flooding hazards in the U.S

Oke

Dougherty

Rasmussen

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Previous studies have drawn attention to racial and socioeconomic disparities in exposures associated with flood events at varying spatial scales, but most of these studies have not differentiated flood risk. Assessing flood risk without differentiating floods by their characteristics (e.g., duration and intensity of precipitation leading to flooding) may lead to less accurate estimates of the most vulnerable locations and populations. In this study, we compare the spatial patterning of social vulnerability, types of housing, and housing tenure (i.e., rented vs. owned) between two specific flood types used operationally by the National Weather Service—flash floods and slow-rise floods— in the floodplains across the contiguous United States. We synthesized several datasets, including established distributions of flood hazards and flooding characteristics, indicators of socioeconomic status, social vulnerability, and housing characteristics, and used generalized estimating equations to examine the proportion of socially vulnerable populations and housing types and tenure residing in the flash and slow-rise flood extents.Our statistical findings show that the proportion of the slow-rise flooded area in the floodplains is significantly greater in tracts characterized by higher percentages of socially vulnerable. However, the results could not confirm the hypothesis that they are exposed considerably more than less vulnerable in the flash flooded floodplains. Considering housing-occupancy vulnerability, the percentage of renter-occupancies are greater in the flash flood floodplains compared to slow-rise, especially in areas with high rainfall accumulation producing storms (e.g., in the Southeast). This assessment contributes insights into how specific flood types could impact different populations and housing tenure across the CONUS and informs strategies to support urban and rural community resilience and planning at local and state levels.

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“…More than this, the binary nature of risk determination (i.e., location in a 100-year floodplain-or not) in U.S. flood policy would suggest that location outside of the 100-year floodplain would be linked to lower perceived risk 6,32 and would experience a more difficult recovery. Indeed, Billings et al 39 . find that for the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inequalities in climate change-attributed impacts of Hurricane Harvey

Smiley

Wehner

Frame³

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Climate change is already increasing the severity of extreme weather events such as with rainfall during hurricanes. But little research to date investigates if, and to what extent, there are social inequalities in climate change-attributed extreme weather event impacts. Here, we use climate change attribution science paired with hydrological flood models to estimate climate change-attributed flood depths and damages during Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas. Using detailed land-parcel and census tract socio-economic data, we then describe the socio-spatial characteristics associated with these climate change-induced impacts. We show that 30 to 50% of the flooded properties would not have flooded without climate change. Climate change-attributed impacts were particularly felt in Latina/x/o neighborhoods, and especially so in Latina/x/o neighborhoods that were low-income and among those located outside of FEMA’s 100-year floodplain. Our focus is thus on climate justice challenges that not only concern future climate change-induced risks, but are already affecting vulnerable populations disproportionately now.

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Let the rich be flooded: The distribution of financial aid and distress after hurricane harvey

Cited by 83 publications

References 18 publications

The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities

The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities

Spatial distribution of socio-demographic and housing-based factors in relation to flash and slow-rise flooding hazards in the U.S

Social inequalities in climate change-attributed impacts of Hurricane Harvey

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