Lethal and Sublethal Effects of UV‐B/pH Synergism on Common Frog Embryos

Pahkala, Maarit; Räsänen, Katja; Laurila, Anssi; Johanson, Ulf; Björn, Lars Olof; Merilä, Juha

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00527.x

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Pahkala et al [136] found that R. temporaria embryos were similarly affected by low pH (5.0), and though size at hatch was reduced by exposure to ambient UVR, they also found no interaction between these two factors. However, in a follow up study on R. temporaria, Pahkala et al [137] found population differences in the response of embryos to UVR and low pH (4.5). Independently, UVR and low pH had no effect on the hatching success or frequency of developmental abnormalities in embryos from northern Sweden [137].…”

Section: Aquatic Phmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, in a follow up study on R. temporaria, Pahkala et al [137] found population differences in the response of embryos to UVR and low pH (4.5). Independently, UVR and low pH had no effect on the hatching success or frequency of developmental abnormalities in embryos from northern Sweden [137]. However, when exposed to UVR in combination with low pH, embryos showed markedly reduced survival and increased frequency of developmental abnormalities [137].…”

Section: Aquatic Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of amphibian declines: effects of ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other environmental factors

Alton

Franklin

2017

Clim Chang Responses

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As a consequence of anthropogenic environmental change, the world is facing a possible sixth mass extinction event. The severity of this biodiversity crisis is exemplified by the rapid collapse of hundreds of amphibian populations around the world. Amphibian declines are associated with a range of factors including habitat loss/ modification, human utilisation, exotic/invasive species, environmental acidification and contamination, infectious disease, climate change, and increased ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) due to stratospheric ozone depletion. However, it is recognised that these factors rarely act in isolation and that amphibian declines are likely to be the result of complex interactions between multiple anthropogenic and natural factors. Here we present a synthesis of the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in isolation and in combination with a range of naturally occurring abiotic (temperature, aquatic pH, and aquatic hypoxia) and biotic (infectious disease, conspecific density, and predation) factors on amphibians. We highlight that examining the effects of UVR in the absence of other ecologically relevant environmental factors can greatly oversimplify and underestimate the effects of UVR on amphibians. We propose that the pathways that give rise to interactive effects between multiple environmental factors are likely to be mediated by the behavioural and physiological responses of amphibians to each of the factors in isolation. A sound understanding of these pathways can therefore be gained from the continued use of multi-factorial experimental studies in both the laboratory and the field. Such an understanding will provide the foundation for a strong theoretical framework that will allow researchers to predict the combinations of abiotic and biotic conditions that are likely to influence the persistence of amphibian populations under future environmental change.

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Section: Aquatic Phmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Aquatic Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of amphibian declines: effects of ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other environmental factors

Alton

Franklin

2017

Clim Chang Responses

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“…UV-B radiation interacts with environmental factors such as pH, temperature and predator cues (Pahkala et al, 2002;van Uitregt et al, 2007;Alton et al, 2010) to produce synergistic effects on animal mortality rates. UV-B radiation has been shown to have temperature-dependent effects on growth, survival and thermal tolerance (Winckler and Fidhiany, 1996; Temperature and UV-B-insensitive performance in tadpoles of the ornate burrowing frog: an ephemeral pond specialist Pippa Kern*, Rebecca L. Cramp and Craig E. Franklin Winckler and Fidhiany, 1999;van Uitregt et al, 2007), but how these factors interact to influence physiological responses to thermal variability has not been considered.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and UV-B insensitive performance in tadpoles of the Ornate burrowing frog: an ephemeral pond specialist

Kern

Cramp

Franklin

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Animals may overcome the challenges of temperature instability through behavioural and physiological mechanisms in response to short-and long-term temperature changes. When ectotherms face the challenge of large diel temperature fluctuations, one strategy may be to reduce the thermal sensitivity of key traits in order to maintain performance across the range of temperatures experienced. Additional stressors may limit the ability of animals to respond to these thermally challenging environments through changes to energy partitioning or interactive effects. Ornate burrowing frog (Platyplectrum ornatum) tadpoles develop in shallow ephemeral pools that experience high diel thermal variability (>20°C) and can be exposed to high levels of UV-B radiation. Here, we investigated how development in fluctuating versus stable temperature conditions in the presence of high or low UV-B radiation influences thermal tolerance and thermal sensitivity of performance traits of P. ornatum tadpoles. Tadpoles developed in either stable (24°C) or fluctuating temperatures (18-32°C) under high or low UV-B conditions. Tadpoles were tested for upper critical thermal limits, thermal dependence of resting metabolic rate and maximum burst swimming performance. We hypothesised that developmental responses to thermal fluctuations would increase thermal tolerance and reduce thermal dependence of physiological traits, and that trade-offs in the allocation of metabolic resources towards repairing UV-B-induced damage may limit the ability to maintain performance over the full range of temperatures experienced. We found that P. ornatum tadpoles were thermally insensitive for both burst swimming performance, across the range of temperatures tested, and resting metabolic rate at high temperatures independent of developmental conditions. Maintenance of performance led to a trade-off for growth under fluctuating temperatures and UV-B exposure. Temperature treatment and UV-B exposure had an interactive effect on upper critical thermal limits possibly due to the upregulation of the cellular stress response. Thermal independence of key traits may allow P. ornatum tadpoles to maintain performance in the thermal variability inherent in their environment.

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“…Additionally, in the western USA an increase in the number of malformed amphibians has been linked to the presence of the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae, although population declines were not addressed (Johnson et al 2002). Wide-scale amphibian decline is likely due to a complex synergism of factors including climate change, environmental pollution and degradation, and the presence of virulent pathogens and parasites (Young et al 2001, Kiesecker 2002, Pahkala et al 2002, Blaustein & Johnson 2003. The involvement of synergistic influences underscores the importance of simultaneously evaluating multiple contributors to amphibian declines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease associated with integumentary and cloacal parasites in tadpoles of northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora

Nieto¹,

Camann²,

Foley³

et al. 2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A total of 6830 northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora tadpoles were examined under a dissecting microscope for oral disc, integumentary, and cloacal abnormalities in 13 ponds in and near Redwood National Park in northern California. Of these, 163 tadpoles were collected for histopathological investigation, including 115 randomly collected individuals, 38 collected with oral disc abnormalities, and 10 collected due to severe morbidity of unknown etiology. The tadpoles were infected with 8 parasites, including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (the amphibian chytrid), trematodes, leeches, and protozoa. Chytridiomycosis was detected at an overall prevalence of 6.4%, but prevalence was higher in tadpoles with oral disc lesions than in those with normal oral discs (43.5% versus 6.1%). Interestingly, infection was associated with some environmental and co-infection risk factors. Individual tadpoles possessed 0 to 5 species of parasites in varying intensities. Apiosoma sp. was the most prevalent (66%) and widespread. Tadpoles infected with B. dendrobatidis had a lower diversity of oral parasites than those uninfected. During the field portion of the study, a large number (~500) of moribund and dead tadpoles was seen occurring at multiple locations within and surrounding Redwood National Park. Ten animals were collected for histological examination and a diverse protozoal infection was discovered, including some known pathogens of fish. This study is the first reporting parasitism and disease in natural populations of northern red-legged frogs.

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of UV‐B/pH Synergism on Common Frog Embryos

Cited by 43 publications

References 83 publications

Drivers of amphibian declines: effects of ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other environmental factors

Drivers of amphibian declines: effects of ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other environmental factors

Temperature and UV-B insensitive performance in tadpoles of the Ornate burrowing frog: an ephemeral pond specialist

Disease associated with integumentary and cloacal parasites in tadpoles of northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora

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