Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Pyriproxyfen on Apis and Non-Apis Bees

Devillers, James; Devillers, Hugo

doi:10.3390/toxics8040104

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…albopictus , so the potential for vectoring PPF across landscapes is high with the observed indirect transfer from nectar sources. Previous studies have demonstrated sublethal and lethal effects of pyriproxyfen on bee colonies [ 18 , 20 ]. We have also demonstrated PPF exposure can reduce the fecundity of D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPF is not mosquito specific and has been shown to inhibit the development of other insects [ 13 – 15 ] and to impact the physiology of non-target invertebrates [ 16 , 17 ]. The effects of PPF on pollinators such as honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) are of particular concern [ 18 – 20 ]. We know that male and female mosquitoes seek out nectar sources, and if exposed to a growth inhibitor they could be delivering lethal doses where important pollinators such as honey bees can be contaminated with PPF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect transfer of pyriproxyfen to European honeybees via an autodissemination approach

et al. 2021

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The frequency of arboviral disease epidemics is increasing and vector control remains the primary mechanism to limit arboviral transmission. Container inhabiting mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are the primary vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Current vector control methods for these species are often ineffective, suggesting the need for novel control approaches. A proposed novel approach is autodissemination of insect growth regulators (IGRs). The advantage of autodissemination approaches is small amounts of active ingredients compared to traditional insecticide applications are used to impact mosquito populations. While the direct targeting of cryptic locations via autodissemination seems like a significant advantage over large scale applications of insecticides, this approach could actually affect nontarget organisms by delivering these highly potent long lasting growth inhibitors such as pyriproxyfen (PPF) to the exact locations that other beneficial insects visit, such as a nectar source. Here we tested the hypothesis that PPF treated male Ae. albopictus will contaminate nectar sources, which results in the indirect transfer of PPF to European honey bees (Apis mellifera). We performed bioassays, fluorescent imaging, and mass spectrometry on insect and artificial nectar source materials to examine for intra- and interspecific transfer of PPF. Data suggests there is direct transfer of PPF from Ae. albopictus PPF treated males and indirect transfer of PPF to A. mellifera from artificial nectar sources. In addition, we show a reduction in fecundity in Ae. albopictus and Drosophila melanogaster when exposed to sublethal doses of PPF. The observed transfer of PPF to A. mellifera suggests the need for further investigation of autodissemination approaches in a more field like setting to examine for risks to insect pollinators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect transfer of pyriproxyfen to European honeybees via an autodissemination approach

et al. 2021

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“…The toxicity of pyriproxyfen to nontarget organisms has also been studied and it has been found to pose a high risk to Danio rerio and Daphnia magna 28–30 . The sublethal and lethal effects of pyriproxyfen to honeybees have also been reported 31 . The half‐life of rac ‐pyriproxyfen in citrus and peppers ranged from 13 to 22 days, and the concentration level reached 0.12–0.14 mg/kg 32,33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic assessment of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar source system: Stereoselective degradation, biological effect and exposure risk

Tong

Yang

Sun

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Balancing the safety and efficiency of chiral pesticides can help protect pollinators. We evaluated the stereoselective behavior, bioactivity, toxicity and exposure risk of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar system. RESULTS: Density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/ MS) were applied for absolute configuration appraisal and chiral analysis validation, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 72.3% to 100.5% with an relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.2% to 9.7%. In a field trial, we determined insecticide half-lives in citrus leaves and flowers, which were 7.0 and 8.6 days for R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, and 11.7 and 14.7 days for S-(−)-pyriproxyfen, respectively. We found that the bioactivity of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen was 3.39 and 2.37 times higher than S-(−)-pyriproxyfen against Unaspis yanonensis and Diaphorina citri nymphs, respectively. S-(−)-pyriproxyfen had 3.8 times higher acute toxicity than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen on Apis mellifera L., and its exposure risk was moderate based on the hazard quotient.CONCLUSION: The phenomenon of stereoselective degradation and biological effect demonstrated that the high-risk stereoisomer of S-(−)-pyriproxyfen degraded more slowly than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, but R-(+)-pyriproxyfen with better efficiency for target. Therefore, an increased duration of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen activity on citrus was beneficial for efficacy. Our results could guide the scientific application and evaluation of chiral pesticides on nectar plants.

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“…1). Two other frequently reported research gaps in bee ecotoxicology include (i) the deficiency in studies evaluating pesticides other than neonicotinoids such as biopesticides (Barbosa et al 2015;Bernardes et al 2018;Devillers and Devillers 2020;Gruẗer 2020) and (ii) the scarcity of mixture toxicity studies focusing on pesticides that are likely to lead to synergetic effects in bees, such as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting (EBI) fungicides and insecticides (Araújo et al 2021;Almasri et al 2020;EFSA 2013;Sańchez-Bayo and Goka 2014;Toméet al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole (individually and in mixture) to the tropical stingless bee Melipona scutellaris

et al. 2021

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Stingless bees have been recognized as essential plant pollinators and producers of various natural products in neotropical areas. Research into the potential risks of pesticides they may be exposed to in agricultural fields, however, remains meagre. Especially the toxicity of pesticide mixtures likely to occur under real-world conditions and that are likely to exert synergetic effects has been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the single and mixture acute contact and oral toxicity of commercial products containing the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole in laboratory bioassays with the Brazilian native stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. In addition, a comparison of the insecticide sensitivity of stingless bees relative to the honeybee Apis mellifera was made based on previously published toxicity data. Except for oral exposure to abamectin, M. scutellaris appeared to be more sensitive that A. mellifera in the single compound toxicity tests. A difenoconazole concentration at the NOEC (no observed effect concentration) level indicated a synergetic toxic interaction with abamectin. A sensitivity comparison based on published toxicity data for A. mellifera and stingless bees indicated several insecticidal modes of action having a high relative sensitivity to stingless bees that need especial consideration in future studies. The research findings highlight the need for testing native bee species and environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures in risk assessments to avoid underestimation of potential risks to bee populations and the subsequent loss of pollination ecosystem services.

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Pyriproxyfen on Apis and Non-Apis Bees

Cited by 17 publications

References 158 publications

Indirect transfer of pyriproxyfen to European honeybees via an autodissemination approach

Indirect transfer of pyriproxyfen to European honeybees via an autodissemination approach

Systemic assessment of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar source system: Stereoselective degradation, biological effect and exposure risk

Acute toxicity of the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole (individually and in mixture) to the tropical stingless bee Melipona scutellaris

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