Lethal and sublethal toxicity assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Beauveria bassiana based bioinsecticides to the aquatic insect Chironomus riparius

Bordalo, Maria D.; Gravato, Carlos; Beleza, Sónia; Campos, Diana; Lopes, Isabel; Pestana, João L.T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134155

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Until recently, ecotoxicological data on the impact of B. bassiana insecticides on chironomids was lacking in the literature. Bordalo et al . demonstrated acute effects of B. bassiana on C. riparius first‐instar larvae at much higher concentrations (48‐h LC 50 34.7 mg L −1 ) than those found in this study (48‐h LC 50 6.35 μg L −1 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…For instance, higher toxicity has been shown for B. thuringiensis var . israelensis (Bti)‐based coumpounds toward Chironomus species such as C. riparius (48‐h LC 50 1.85 μg a.i./L Bti, at 20 °C), C. tepperi (48‐h LC 50 40–48 μg a.i./L Bti, at 25 ± 1 °C), C. calligraphus (48‐h LC 50 11.18 μg a.i./L Bti, at 21 ± 1 °C) and C. kiiensis (24‐h LC 50 130–1570 μg a.i./L Bti, at room temperature) . This is in accordance with the specificity of Bti toward dipterans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chironomids have been used as model organisms in ecotoxicological studies with pesticides in temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems . Additionally, some species of Chironomids have been shown to be sensitive to microbial insecticides . Chironomus xanthus Rempel, 1939 (Diptera: Chironomidae) is found in freshwater ecosystems in tropical regions, such as Brazil and is highly sensitive to synthetic pesticides …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,37 Dipterans of the family Chironomidae constitute a group of aquatic insects of great ecological importance within freshwater ecosystems, since they are a predominant component of benthic communities, 38,39 playing a crucial role in aquatic food webs. Chironomids have been used as model organisms in ecotoxicological studies with pesticides in temperate [40][41][42][43][44] and tropical freshwater ecosystems. 45,46 Additionally, some species of Chironomids have been shown to be sensitive to microbial insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45,46 Additionally, some species of Chironomids have been shown to be sensitive to microbial insecticides. 44,[47][48][49][50] Chironomus xanthus Rempel, 1939 (Diptera: Chironomidae) is found in freshwater ecosystems in tropical regions, such as Brazil and is highly sensitive to synthetic pesticides. 45 The objective of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of two commonly used microbial insecticides on Chironomus xanthus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Commercial formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) are commonly used microbial insecticides in Brazil and other tropical regions. However, and despite being considered environmentally friendly, their use generates concerns regarding possible adverse ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the effects of these bioinsecticides on the tropical aquatic dipteran Chironomus xanthus under laboratory conditions. RESULTS After laboratory exposures to these compounds 48‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1534 μg a.i./L for Btk and of 6.35 μg a.i./L for Bb were estimated. Chronic assays revealed different sublethal effects: Btk‐based bioinsecticide exposure reduced C. xanthus growth [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 126 μg a.i./L for head width], decreased emergence rate (LOEC = 8 μg a.i./L) and increased immunological response (LOEC = 50 μg a.i./L) measured as total hemocyte count in larvae hemolymph. Exposure to low concentrations of Bb‐based insecticide also reduced C. xanthus growth (LOEC = 0.07 μg a.i./L for larvae body length measurements), and emergence rate (LOEC = 0.28 μg a.i./L), despite no clear effects on the total hemocyte counts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low concentrations of Btk and Bb bioinsecticides are toxic to C. xanthus. Given their widespread use and occurrence in tropical freshwater systems, research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of these compounds concerning natural freshwater insect communities and ecosystem functioning. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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Infection of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma6 and defense responses of host Phyllotreta striolata adults

Chen

et al. 2022

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Entomopathogenic fungus as biological control agent plays a crucial role in the integrated management of insect pests.Metarhizium anisopliae Ma6 has been identified as a highly pathogenic strain against Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most economically important and dominant insect pests damaging Brassica plants. The infection of M. anisopliae Ma6 on P. striolata was observed under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biochemical defense responses of P. striolata adults after infection were investigated. The changes in total amino acids and free fatty acids, and the activities of protective enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in P. striolata adults were measured. In stereomicroscopy and SEM observations, a large number of mycelia were observed on the body surface of P. striolata on the 5th day after treatment by M. anisopliae. Many conidia were germinated and covered the body of P. striolata on the 7th day after treatment. The free fatty acid, total amino acid, CAT, POD, and SOD activities all showed an increased and then decreased trend. These results suggest that entomopathogenic fungal infection triggers the defense response of hosts, which induces changes in nutrients and antioxidant enzymes in P. striolata adults. Our findings provide useful information for understanding the potential for using M. anisopliae Ma6 as a biocontrol agent.

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The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

Liu,

Wei,

et al. 2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Paranosema locustae is an entomopathogenic microsporidia with promising potential for controlling agricultural pests, including Locusta migratoria manilensis. However, it has the disadvantage of having a slow insecticidal rate, and how P. locustae infection impacts the host immune response is currently unknown. The present study investigated the effect of P. locustae on the natural immune response of L. migratoria and the activities of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress. Infection with P. locustae increased the hemocytes and nodulation number of L. migratoria at the initial stage of infection. The hemocyte‐mediated modulation of immune response was also affected by a decrease in the number of hemocytes 12 days postinfection. Superoxide dismutase activity in locusts increased in the early stages of infection but decreased in the later stages, whereas the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) showed opposite trends may be due to their different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the transcription levels of mRNA of antimicrobial peptide‐related genes and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph in L. migratoria were suppressed within 15 days of P. locustae infection. Overall, our data suggest that P. locustae create a conducive environment for its own proliferation in the host by disrupting the immune defense against it. These findings provide useful information for the potential application of P. locustae as a biocontrol agent.

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Lethal and sublethal toxicity assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Beauveria bassiana based bioinsecticides to the aquatic insect Chironomus riparius

Cited by 33 publications

References 104 publications

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Infection of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma6 and defense responses of host Phyllotreta striolata adults

The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

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