Lethal and sublethal toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in chronic tests with Hyalella azteca (amphipod) and early-life stage tests with Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)

Bartlett, Adrienne J.; Silva, Amila O. De; Schissler, D.; Hedges, Amanda M.; Brown, Lisa R.; Shires, Kallie; Miller, J. Keith; Sullivan, Cheryl; Spencer, Christine; Parrott, Joanne L.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111250

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…We assessed larval H. azteca AFFF sensitivity using 72 h static, non-renewal tests following methods modified from standard guidance for sediment testing and from published methods for conducting water-only testing with Hyalella . , Lethal concentration tests used five nominal concentrations for each AFFF with each treatment replicated four times (Table S2). AFFF were tested in two batches with each tested formulation including a set of control beakers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of Eight Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to 14 Aquatic Species

Jones

Quinlin

Wigren

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Researchers have developed numerous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-free aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations to replace PFAS-containing AFFF used for fire suppression. As part of the Department of Defense’s Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), we examined the direct lethal effects of seven PFAS-free AFFF and a PFAS-containing AFFF on 14 aquatic species using a series of lethal concentration (LC50) tests. We assessed the LC10, LC50, and LC90 values using log–logistic and logit analyses. Across all aquatic species tested, we discovered that exposure to at least one PFAS-free AFFF was more or as toxic as exposure to the PFAS-containing AFFF. For most cases, National Foam Avio F3 Green KHC 3% and Buckeye Platinum Plus C6MILSPEC 3% were the most and least toxic formulations, respectively. Moreover, we found consistency among results from multiple experiments using the same minnow species (Pimephales promelas) and among closely related taxa (e.g., daphnids, amphibians). Lastly, the LC50 values for AFFF formulations trended lower for tested marine species as compared to those of freshwater species. These results dramatically increase the current knowledge on the potentially toxic effects of AFFF but also highlight the need for additional research and the development of new PFAS-free AFFF that are more “ecologically friendly” than those containing persistent PFAS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of Eight Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to 14 Aquatic Species

Jones

Quinlin

Wigren

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Interestingly, in a draft PFOS aquatic life criteria (USEPA, 2022a), the second most sensitive species (after C. dilutus ) is also an aquatic insect, the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum (no data available for PFOA). There is also evidence in the literature that fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) is, like C. dilutus , much more chronically sensitive to PFOS (21‐day EC50 for fecundity 0.23 mg/L [Ankley et al, 2005]; 21‐day LOEC for reduced growth in F1 juveniles 0.088 mg/L [Suski et al 2021]) than to PFOA (no effects on juvenile growth at 180 mg/L, 21 days [Bartlett et al, 2021]). Other taxa with similarly high PFOS sensitivity include a mussel, Lampsilis siliquoidea (Hazelton et al, 2012), and a fish, Danio rerio (USEPA, 2022a), although their sensitivity to PFOA is unclear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Toxicity of 17 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Diverse Structures to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus

Kadlec,

Backe,

Erickson

et al. 2023

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Seven‐day sublethal toxicity tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus to determine the effects of per‐ or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) of varying chain length within four classes: perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids. In general, toxicity increased with increasing chain length, but the slopes of these relationships varied markedly by species and chemical class. The toxicity of individual PFCAs was similar among species. The toxicity of PFSAs was similar to PFCAs for C. dubia and H. azteca, whereas PFSAs were much more toxic to C. dilutus, with median effect concentrations (EC50s) as low as 0.022 mg perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)/L and 0.012 mg perfluorononane sulfonate (PFNS)/L. Despite the high sensitivity to PFOS and PFNS, C. dilutus was not very sensitive to structurally similar fluorotelomer sulfonates (6:2 and 8:2). Perfluoroalkane sulfonamides were the most toxic class tested among all species (e.g., EC50s of 0.011 and 0.017 mg perfluorooctane sulfonamide/L for C. dilutus and H. azteca, respectively). The differences in toxicity among species and chemical classes suggest that mechanisms of PFAS toxicity may differ as a function of both. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–15. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…The water-only test methods used in this study were developed by Borgmann et al (1989) and have evolved through many iterations to include various durations and endpoints (Bartlett et al, 2021;Borgmann et al, 1998Borgmann et al, , 2007. The conditions in both standard and novel tests included in our study were based on Bartlett et al (2019).…”

Section: Standard Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Reproduction Toxicity Test Method for Hyalella azteca Using Sexually Mature Amphipods Provides More Robust Data Than Standard Methods in Exposures to Imidacloprid

Khan,

Bartlett,

Hedges

et al. 2024

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Hyalella azteca is an epibenthic crustacean used in ecotoxicology, but there are challenges associated with standard methods using reproduction as an endpoint. A novel, 28‐day reproduction toxicity test method for H. azteca was created to address these issues by initiating tests with sexually mature amphipods to eliminate the confounding effects of growth, using a sex ratio of seven females to three males to reduce reproductive variability, and conducting tests in water‐only conditions to make recovery of juveniles easier and expand testing capabilities to water‐soluble compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the 28‐day novel method by comparing it with the 42‐day standard test method in duplicate and parallel water‐only, static‐renewal exposures to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (0.5–8 µg/L). Both methods showed similar effects on survival, with survival approaching 50% in the highest test concentration (8 µg/L). However, the 42‐day median effect concentrations (EC50s) for growth were more sensitive in the standard method (1.5–3.2 µg/L) compared with the 28‐day EC50s generated by the novel method (>8 µg/L). Reproduction endpoints (juveniles/female) produced similar EC50s between methods, but the data were less variable in novel tests (smaller coefficients of variation); therefore, fewer replicates would be required to detect effects on reproduction compared with the standard method. In addition, novel tests generated 28 days of reproduction data compared with 14 days using standard tests and allowed survival and growth of sexes to be assessed independently. Thus, the novel method shows promise to improve the use of reproduction as an endpoint in water‐only toxicity tests with H. azteca. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–13. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Lethal and sublethal toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in chronic tests with Hyalella azteca (amphipod) and early-life stage tests with Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Acute Toxicity of Eight Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to 14 Aquatic Species

Acute Toxicity of Eight Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to 14 Aquatic Species

Sublethal Toxicity of 17 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Diverse Structures to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus

Novel Reproduction Toxicity Test Method for Hyalella azteca Using Sexually Mature Amphipods Provides More Robust Data Than Standard Methods in Exposures to Imidacloprid

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