Lethal body burden of triphenyltin chloride in fish: Preliminary results

Tas, J. Wieke; Seinen, Willem; Opperhuizen, Antoon

doi:10.1016/0742-8413(91)90122-a

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This high ratio of MPT to TPT could be due to metabolism of TPT to DPT and then to MPT, degradation in the water (e.g., photodegradation) before uptake by the fish, or selective uptake of MPT by the fish. Experiments by Tas et al [32] showed rapid uptake (uptake rate constant of 70/d) of radiolabeled TPT by fish larvae but very slow elimination (elimination rate constant of 0.005/d). On the basis of their elimination studies a biological half-life of 48 d was estimated for guppies (Poecilia reticulata).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Kannan¹,

Lee²

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Triphenyltin (TPT) is a fungicide used on a variety of crops throughout the world. In this study, pecan orchards in central Georgia (USA) previously sprayed with commercial TPT hydroxide mixtures were found to have TPT concentrations of 8.5 to 37 g/g dry weight in foliage and 1.2 to 12 g/g dry weight in soil. Total phenyltin concentrations (monophenyltin [MPT] ϩ diphenyltin [DPT] ϩ TPT) in foliage and soils immediately after application were up to 72 and 26 g/g dry weight, respectively. Besides TPT, DPT and MPT were present in the leaves and soils, with MPT generally the predominant compound. The proportion of MPT to TPT in pecan leaves increased with time after spraying, which was indicative of photolytic degradation of TPT. Microbial degradation of radiolableled TPT in soil or sediment samples was slow, with only 5% degraded during a 14-d incubation period. Triphenyltin was absent from the subsurface soils (2 to 15 cm depth) even though it had been sprayed eight to 10 times a year at a rate of 850 g/ha for the past 10 years. In an orchard where the last spraying was carried out approx. 2 years ago, TPT was absent, but MPT was present at approximately the same concentration as recently sprayed orchards. Fish (blue gill, largemouth bass, and channel catfish) from a pond near a recently sprayed pecan orchard had TPT as well as DPT and MPT. The predominate phenyltin in all fish was MPT, with 22 g/g wet weight in the liver of catfish. Radiolabeled TPT was only slowly metabolized by the fathead minnow, with 2% of the TPT metabolized to DPT after 6 d of exposure via water. Photodegradation appears to be the major factor affecting the fate of TPT in soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Kannan¹,

Lee²

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The most likely explanation may depend on both test compound and exposure conditions. For example, fast adsorption of organotins may significantly add to the total body burden because the LBB can be reached very fast (Tas et al, 1991). For other compounds adsorption will often be negligible to uptake due to much longer exposure times to reach LBB.…”

Section: Time-to-deathmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In these studies a constant LBB or a decrease in LBB with time is found ( Table 3). The latter time-dependency is explained in various ways: higher amount of adsorption of the test compound at high exposure/low time-to-death conditions (Tas et al, 1991); shift of mode of toxic action (De Bruijn et al, 1991); increased stress after long exposure (Chaisuksant et al, 1997); timedelay between reaching LBB and death (Mortimer and Connoll, 1994). The most likely explanation may depend on both test compound and exposure conditions.…”

Section: Time-to-deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various classes of compounds, such as persistent halobenzenes, PCBs, chlorophenols, organophosphate esters, chloroanilines, and organotins, have already been studied in LBB experiments in fish (Hattula et al, 1981;Van Hoogen and Opperhuizen, 1988;De Bruijn et al, 1991;Tas et al, 1991;De Wolf et al, 1992;Sijm et al, 1993;. Hitherto, LBBs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish have not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lipid Content and Time-to-Death-Dependent Lethal Body Burdens of Naphthalene and 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Maagd

Klundert

Wezel

et al. 1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…For narcotic organic chemicals the LBB was estimated to vary between 2 and 8 mmol/kg wet wt. Experimental work on several classes of organic chemicals have supported the LBB concept (Van Hoogen and Opperhuizen, 1988;De Bruijn et al, 1991;McKim and Schmieder, 1991;De Wolf et al, 1992;Sijm et al, 1993;Tas et al, 1991;Tas, 1993;Van Wezel et al, 1995a-c). Advantages of using the LBB in comparison with exposure-based toxicity measures are that no equilibrium has to be attained, different exposure routes are integrated, and bioavailability and metabolism of the compounds are no confounding factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%