Lethal Dose Studies with Burros and Swine Exposed to Whole Body Cobalt-60 Irradiation

Rust, John H.; Trum, Bernard F.; Wilding, James L.; Simons, Charles; Comar, C. L.

doi:10.1148/62.4.569

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In humans, a “standard” 10 Gy single dose of TBI appears to be consistently more toxic than fractionated TBI regimens delivering from 12 to 15 Gy [14, 15]. It is also known that animals will survive for approximately 14 days before succumbing from the effects of a lethal dose of irradiation [16]. Mezrich et al [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted Depletion of Passenger Leukocytes by Irradiation in Pigs

Tai

Zhu

Lin

et al. 2011

Journal of Transplantation

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Allograft/xenograft rejection is associated with “passenger leukocyte” migration from the organ into recipient lymph nodes. In Study 1, we attempted to deplete leukocytes from potential kidney “donor” pigs, using two regimens of total body irradiation. A dose of 700 cGy was administered, followed by either 800 cGy (“low-dose”) or 1,300 cGy (“high dose”) with the kidneys shielded. Neither regimen was entirely successful in depleting all leukocytes, although remaining T and 8 cell numbers were negligible. Study 2 was aimed at providing an indication of whether near-complete depletion of leukocytes had any major impact on kidney allograft survival. In non-immunosuppressed recipient pigs, survival of a kidney from a donor that received high-dose irradiation was compared with that of a kidney taken from a non-irradiated donor. Kidney graft survival was 9 and 7 days, respectively, suggesting that depletion had little impact on graft survival. The lack of effect may have been related to (i) inadequate depletion of passenger leukocytes, thus not preventing a direct T cell response, (ii) the presence of dead or dying leukocytes (antigens), thus not preventing an indirect T cell response, or (iii) constitutive expression of MHC class II and B7 molecules on the porcine vascular endothelium, activating recipient T cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted Depletion of Passenger Leukocytes by Irradiation in Pigs

Tai

Zhu

Lin

et al. 2011

Journal of Transplantation

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“…In addition, post-radiation hematopoietic kinetics, as well as radiation-induced organ damage, are similar to humans (Carsten 1984), though canines and Gottingen minipigs appear to be more radiosensitive than humans and NHPs (Broerse and Macvittie 2012). Estimations of the LD50/30 in canines range from 2.6 to 3.9 Gy (Norris et al 1968;MacVittie et al 2005) and in minipigs from 1.7 to 3.7 Gy, with estimates differing according to source of radioactivity, dose rate, supportive care regimen, and strain (Tullis et al 1949;Rust et al 1954;Jones et al 1986;Morris and Jones 1989;Moroni et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The New Zealand white rabbit animal model of acute radiation syndrome: hematopoietic and coagulation-based parameters by radiation dose following supportive care

Paredes

Lindeblad

Patil

et al. 2020

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: Animal models that accurately reflect human responses to radiation injury are needed for advanced mechanistic investigation and development of effective therapeutics. The rabbit is an established animal model accepted by the FDA for studies of cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, the development of anticoagulants, testing of bone implants, and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as HIV. The purpose of this study was to investigate the New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbit model as a model of acute radiation exposure because of its established similarity to human vascular, immune, and coagulation responses. Materials and methods: Two sequential studies were performed in a total of 81 male NZW rabbits, 16-20 weeks of age. All animals underwent clinical observations and peripheral blood analyses following a single dose of 0, 6, 7, 8, 8.5, 9, or 10 Gy of total body irradiation via a 6 MV Linear accelerator photon source on day 0. Animals were treated with timed release fentanyl patch (days 0-30), subcutaneous hydration (day 1, Study 2 only), and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 30 mg/kg once daily (days 3-30) and were followed for 30 days or to time of mortality. Results: Study 1 revealed the estimated LD30, À50, À70, and À90 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) at 30 days to be 6.7 (

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“…There are, however, LD 50 values for a variety of large adult mammals (cattle, sheep, goat, pig, donkey, horse, dog) dying from haemopoietic syndrome. These span a range of 1.2-3.9 Gy (Bond et al, 1965;UNSCEAR, 1996), although some studies have reported higher LD 50/30 values, such as 5.8-7.84 Gy for donkeys exposed to gamma radiation (Rust et al, 1954;Trum et al, 1959). Adult pigs irradiated with gamma rays have also been reported to have an LD 50/30 of 6.18 Gy, while irradiation of 14-day-old pigs gave values of 2.86 Gy (Mandel et al, 1980).…”

Section: D2 Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

2008

Ann ICRP

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Lethal Dose Studies with Burros and Swine Exposed to Whole Body Cobalt-60 Irradiation

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Attempted Depletion of Passenger Leukocytes by Irradiation in Pigs

Attempted Depletion of Passenger Leukocytes by Irradiation in Pigs

The New Zealand white rabbit animal model of acute radiation syndrome: hematopoietic and coagulation-based parameters by radiation dose following supportive care

Annex D. Radiation Effects in Reference Animals and Plants

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