Letter: The Use of 2-[(2<i>E</i>)-3-(4-<i>Tert</i>-Butylphenyl)-2-Methylprop-2-Enylidene]Malononitrile as a Matrix for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Ulmer, Lars; Mattay, Jochen; Torres-Garcia, H. Gregorio; Luftmann, Heinrich

doi:10.1255/ejms.329

Cited by 135 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2͑a͒, which resulted in the poor MALDI result for reasons already discussed above. Moreover, the trend that DCTB is able to produce considerably higher signal intensities if compared to other matrices is described in the literature for fullerene derivatives 29 and was observed in our laboratories also for other classes of polymers. Therefore, DCTB in combination with the discussed multiple layer spotting approach for MALDI-TOFMS of synthetic polymers is the method of choice for high-throughput screening of synthetic polymers.…”

Section: B Multiple Layer Spotting For Maldi-tofmssupporting

confidence: 84%

Integration of MALDI-TOFMS as high-throughput screening tool into the workflow of combinatorial polymer research

Meier

Schubert

2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The possibilities of an integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ͑MALDI-TOFMS͒ as an high-throughput screening tool into the workflow of combinatorial materials research are discussed. A multiple layer sample preparation technique for MALDI is described in detail and its possibilities of automation and miniaturization are discussed. Automated MALDI sample preparation could be performed within an automated synthesizer robot as well as with an ink-jet printer. The first approach offers the possibility of online reaction monitoring, whereas the second approach gives the opportunity of applications in ultra-high-throughput environments. Moreover, an example of high-throughput screening of a polymerization reaction by MALDI-TOFMS is discussed.

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Section: B Multiple Layer Spotting For Maldi-tofmssupporting

confidence: 84%

Integration of MALDI-TOFMS as high-throughput screening tool into the workflow of combinatorial polymer research

Meier

Schubert

2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…DCTB (trans-2-[3-{4-tert-Butylphenyl}-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile, whose structure is shown in Figure 1c) was supplied by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and used as the matrix. DCTB was recently introduced as a matrix material for MALDI with derivatized fullerenes [15] and comprehensive screening experiments including some fourteen common matrices revealed DCTB as the best performing matrix for this purpose [16]. DCTB was dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1 mg per ml.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyte ions may be formed predominantly via two competing reactions occurring in the fast expanding material plume. First, molecular cation radicals may result from charge exchange between the analyte and the ionized DCTB matrix and/or ionic fragments thereof [15,16]. Second, cationization may occur through the interaction of bare metal ions with the analyte.…”

Section: Analyte Competition For Metal Ion Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of MALDI has been greatly improved through the evaluation of matrix materials suited for the analysis of the respective fullerene-based compounds [11][12][13][14][15]. For most organic fullerene derivatives the ion formation in MALDI seems to involve predominately electron transfer, leading to positive and/or negative molecular ions rather than to protonated and/or deprotonated species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkali cation attachment to derivatized fullerenes studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

Fati

Leeman

Vasil’ev

et al. 2002

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The complexation of alkali metal ions with amphiphilic fullerene derivatives has been investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The formation of analyte ions occurs via two competing mechanisms including electron transfer from matrix-derived ions and metal ion attachment. The interplay of these processes has been examined by laser fluence dependent sample activation and by variation of the target composition. The attachment of metal ions has been established as the gentler and thus more efficient route towards the formation of intact analyte ions. Investigations into the metal ion complexation have been conducted to reveal the reactivity order of the alkali metals in these reactions and to elucidate the influence of structural differences of the analytes, as well as to unravel effects caused by the anionic counter ion of the metal. The experimental data have been derived by two complementary approaches. Competing reactants were either studied simultaneously, so that the product distribution would provide direct insight into the reactivity pattern, and/or product distributions were obtained in a large variety of separate experiments and normalized for reliable comparison. It has been found that the extent to which complexation is observed follows the charge density order of the alkali metal ions. The structural features of the fullerene-attached ligands were of profound influence on the attachment of the metal ion, inducing enhanced selectivity for the complexation with less reactive metals. The metal ion attachment is reduced with the use of smaller anionic counter ions. Rationalization of these findings is provided within the framework of the mechanisms of ion formation in

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“…The increase in ion abundance of europium-containing complexes using 1,2-DCB as a MAI matrix relative to other MAI matrices suggests that certain matrices enhance the specificity for ionizing different materials. Specificity for certain matrices was reported in the development of MALDI (e.g., sinapinic acid for high mass proteins [64], DCTB for fullerenes and polymers [65], and tetracyanaquinodimethane for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [66]), and ESI (e.g., metal salts [67] and peptides [4]). This is similar to questions raised for ESI and MALDI here and in other work [4,56,[68][69][70][71].…”

Section: Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium–PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture

Fischer

Lutomski

El‐Baba

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. The analytical utility of a new and simple to use ionization method, matrixassisted ionization (MAI), coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize a 2-armed europium(III)-containing poly(-ethylene glycol) (Eu-PEG) complex directly from a crude sample. MAI was used with the matrix 1,2-dicyanobenzene, which affords low chemical background relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). MAI provides high ion abundance of desired products in comparison to ESI and MALDI. Inductively coupled plasma-MS measurements were used to estimate a maximum of 10% of the crude sample by mass was the 2-arm Eu-PEG complex, supporting evidence of selective ionization of Eu-PEG complexes using the new MAI matrix, 1,2-dicyanobenzene. Multiply charged ions formed in MAI enhance the IMS gas-phase separation, especially relative to the singly charged ions observed with MALDI. Individual components are cleanly separated and readily identified, allowing characterization of the 2-arm Eu-PEG conjugate from a mixture of the 1-arm Eu-PEG complex and unreacted starting materials. Size-exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography at critical conditions, MALDI-MS, ESI-MS, and ESI-IMS-MS had difficulties with this analysis, or failed.

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Letter: The Use of 2-[(2E)-3-(4-Tert-Butylphenyl)-2-Methylprop-2-Enylidene]Malononitrile as a Matrix for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 135 publications

References 8 publications

Integration of MALDI-TOFMS as high-throughput screening tool into the workflow of combinatorial polymer research

Integration of MALDI-TOFMS as high-throughput screening tool into the workflow of combinatorial polymer research

Alkali cation attachment to derivatized fullerenes studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium–PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture

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