Leukotoxic activity in different strains of the bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from juvenile periodontitis in man

Baehni, P; Tsai, Chi‐Cheng; McArthur, William P.; Hammond, Benjamin F.; Shenker, Bruce J.; Taichman, Norton S.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(81)90164-3

Cited by 113 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The ATCC strains 29522 and 29524 were leukotoxic, but ATCC 29523 was not. This result agreed with those of Baehni et al (2). In ATCC 29522, the activity was detected in the sonic extract from cells of a 5.5 hr (exponentially growing) culture but not in the extract from cells of a 24 hr culture (stationary phase).…”

Section: Relationship Between Growth Phase and Leukotoxic Activitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The release of cytoplasmic enzymes (e.g., LDH) from PMNs has been used as an indicator of cell death in several studies (1,2). We also determined the leukotoxic activity of the sonic extract of isolate 312 by the method of Baehni et al (1).…”

Section: Viability Of Sphered Pmnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans from JP patients varied in leukotoxic activity (2,19). This variation has not been fully explained at the molecular gene level (e.g., there has been no isolation of bacteriophages as mediators of leukotoxicity [16]), but has been partially explained at strain level.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Leukotoxic Activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Periodontal Disease Patients

Ohta

Kokeguchi

Fukui

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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Leukotoxic activity in Actinobacillus(Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP), gingivitis (G), and juvenile periodontitis ( JP), and several oral bacteria, was determined by observation of morphological changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Many A. actinolnycetemcomitans isolates yielded both rough-surfaced and umbonate-shaped colonies (A-type), and smooth-surfaced and convex-shaped colonies (B-type), when stock cultures were streaked on agar medium.Both types of cells were identical in terms of Gram stain, cell morphology, sugar fermentation profile, nitrate reduction and cellular fatty acid composition.Sonic extracts were prepared from 32 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients and from 3 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains.Sonic extracts from 8 isolates and 2 ATCC strains induced sphering of PMNs during a 45-50 min period of incubation at 37 C. Extracts from the other oral bacteria had no effects on PMN morphology. The sphered PMNs were found by their fluorochromatic-negative reactions to be damaged cells. The leukotoxic substance was heat-sensitive (56 C, 30 min), trypsin-sensitive and did not induce sphering of PMNs at 4 C. There was no clear correlation between colony type and leukotoxicity.Among 8 leukotoxic strains, 5 were isolates from an RP patient.

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Section: Relationship Between Growth Phase and Leukotoxic Activitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Viability Of Sphered Pmnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leukotoxic Activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Periodontal Disease Patients

Ohta

Kokeguchi

Fukui

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…actinomycetemcomitans have also been established after cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses of phenotypic features (32). Furthermore, different biotypes, serotypes, leukotoxic groups, and protein profile groups have been described for this species (1,12,17,22,27,31).…”

Section: Actinomycetemcomitansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Multivariate Analyses of Enzymic Data to Classification of Members of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella Group

Myhrvold¹,

Brondz²,

Olsen³

1992

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Outer membrane vesicles and fragments from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus ureae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Pasteurella haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida were isolated and examined semiquantitatively for 19 enzyme activities by using the API ZYM micromethod. The enzyme contents of vesicles and fragments were compared with the enzyme contents of whole cells of the same organisms. Enzymic data were analyzed by using principal-component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy. This technique allowed us to distinguish among the closely related organisms A . actinomycetemcomitans, H . aphrophilus, and H . paraphrophiius. A. actinomycetemcomitans was divided into two groups of strains. A . lignieresii fell outside or on the border of the A . actinobacillus class. A . ureae, H . injluenzae, H. parainjluenzae, P . haemolytica, and P. multocida fell outside the A . actinomycetemcomitans, H . aphrophilus, and H . paraphrophilus classes.Organisms belonging to the Actinobacillus-HaemophilusPasteurella group, which constitute the family Pasteurellaceae, have assumed increasing clinical importance in medicine and dentistry over the last few years (see references 30, 34, 38, 39). Unfortunately, generic separation in this family has been questioned, and with conventional biochemical tests it can be difficult to distinguish among the sometimes confusingly similar species of these genera. This particularly applies to Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. Therefore, additional criteria should be sought to assist in the taxonomic separation of organisms belonging to the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella group.Like a number of other gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, organisms belonging to the genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, and Pasteurella form budding extrusions (extensions of the outer membrane) which can be either attached to the bacterial cell surface or released to the environment during growth (16,19,23,25,35). These structures are referred to below as outer membrane vesicles or outer membrane fragments. They serve as vehicles for toxins and enzymes (for a review, see reference 24), and their small sizes (21 to 500 nm) permit them to cross epithelial barriers that are impermeable to whole cells.The aim of this study was to examine whether the enzymic contents of vesicles and fragments and the enzymic contents of whole cells, as determined by using the API ZYM micromethod, can be used for taxonomic distinction among members of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella group. Previously, the API ZYM method has been used to distinguish whole cells of A . actinomycetemcomitans, Actinobacillus lignieresii, and H. aphrophilus (29). Another purpose of this study was to determine whether the enzyme contents of vesicles and fragments differed from the enzyme contents of whole cells within the same species. * ...

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“…These young adults harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans in their diseased gingival and periodontal pocket sites, while A. actinomycetemcomitans was not found in other clinic patients (8). Subsequently, it was shown that A. actinomycetemcomitans produced a virulence factor, a leukotoxin, which dampens the host response, thus providing a biologically plausible explanation for A. actinomycetemcomitans-related pathogenesis of LAP (9,10). Other studies showed that the removal of A. actinomycetemcomitans from sites undergoing disease progression led to disease remission, adding further evidence to this association (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

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A Consortium of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Filifactor alocis Is Present in Sites Prior to Bone Loss in a Longitudinal Study of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

et al. 2013

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c Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in African-American adolescents has been documented but is poorly understood. Two thousand fifty-eight adolescents aged 11 to 17 years were screened for their periodontal status and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in their oral cavity. Seventy-one A. actinomycetemcomitansnegative and 63 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled, sampled, examined, and radiographed yearly for 3 years. Gingival and periodontal pocket depth and attachment levels were recorded. Disease presentation was characterized by bone loss (BL). Subgingival sites were sampled every 6 months to assess (i) the role of A. actinomycetemcomitans in BL and (ii) the association of A. actinomycetemcomitans and other microbes in their relationships to BL. Sixteen of 63 subjects with A. actinomycetemcomitans developed BL (the other 47 subjects with A. actinomycetemcomitans had no BL). No A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative subjects developed BL. Human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) was used for subgingival microbial assessment. On a subject level, pooled data from A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects who remained healthy had higher prevalences of Streptococcus and Actinomyces species, while A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects with BL had higher prevalences of Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and Peptostreptococcus sp. human oral taxon 113 (HOT-113). At vulnerable sites, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and F. alocis levels were elevated prior to BL. In cases where the three-organism consortium (versus A. actinomycetemcomitans alone) was detected, the specificity for detecting sites of future BL increased from 62% to 99%, with a sensitivity of 89%. We conclude that detecting the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. parasanguinis, and F. alocis together indicates sites of future BL in LAP. A synergistic interaction of this consortium in LAP causation is possible and is the subject of ongoing research.

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Leukotoxic activity in different strains of the bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from juvenile periodontitis in man

Cited by 113 publications

References 16 publications

Leukotoxic Activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Periodontal Disease Patients

Leukotoxic Activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Periodontal Disease Patients

Application of Multivariate Analyses of Enzymic Data to Classification of Members of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella Group

A Consortium of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Filifactor alocis Is Present in Sites Prior to Bone Loss in a Longitudinal Study of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

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