Levamisole in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer: A ten-year follow-up of a Randomized Study

Klefström, Pentti; Nuortio, Lauri

doi:10.3109/02841869109092384

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In humans, after surgery of stage III (Dukes C) colon cancer patients, treatment with 5-FU combined with Levamisole resulted in reduced recurrence and death rates [4,5]. In patients with advanced breast cancer, polychemotherapy and adjuvant treatment with Levamisole resulted in higher response rates and survival rates than in patients receiving polychemotherapy and placebo [21]. The results obtained with Levamisole as adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment have varied much between trials and the different outcomes of trials may, as described by Stevenson et al [22], be explained by the arbitrary selection of doses and treatment-schedules for Levamisole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Levamisole Inhibits Angiogenesis in vitro and Tumor Growth in vivo

et al. 2005

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Copyright: Ciccone et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) exerts conflicting effect on tumor growth and progression, depending on its concentration. We aimed to characterize the anti-cancer activity of a new NO donor, Ni(SalPipNONO) belonging to the class of metal-nonoates, in epithelial derived tumor cells, finally exploring its antiangiogenic properties. Tumor epithelial cells were screened to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Ni(SalPipNONO), which was able to inhibit cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, being more effective than the commercial DETA/NO. The human lung carcinoma cells A549 were chosen as model to study the anti-cancer mechanisms exerted by the compound. In these cells, Ni(SalPipNONO) inhibited clonogenicity and cell invasion, while promoting apoptosis. The antitumor activity was partly due to NO-cGMP dependent pathway, contributing to reduced cell number and apoptosis, and partly to the salicylaldehyde moiety and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activated ERK1/2 signaling converging on p53 dependent caspase-3 cleavage. An additional contribution by downstream cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived cyclopentenones may explain the tumor inhibitory activities. As NO has been described to affect tumor angiogenesis, we checked this activity both on tumor and endothelial cell co-cultures and in Matrigel in vivo assay. Our data document that Ni(SalPipNONO) was able to both reduce angiogenic factor expression by tumor cells acting on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α) level, and endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis. Collectively, these data confirm the potential use of NO donors and in particular Ni(SalPipNONO) acting through multiple mechanisms, as an agent to be further developed to be used alone or in combination with conventional therapy. www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Levamisole Inhibits Angiogenesis in vitro and Tumor Growth in vivo

et al. 2005

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“…Several agents have been used, the most important are Levamisole, BCG, and PolyA-poly-U. A non randomized study by ROJAS et al [8] showed a 90% survival rate at 5 years in patients with advanced breast cancer treated by chemotherapy plus levamisole compared to 35% for patients receiving only chemotherapy. The only randomised study which reported a statistically significant improvement of DFS and OS has been presented by Klefstr6m [9] in a series of 120 stage III-breast cancer, all others studies [10,11] do not show any difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium ditiocarb as adjuvant immunotherapy for high risk breast cancer: A randomized study

et al. 1993

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Sixty-four patients with non metastatic high risk breast cancer were randomized in a double blind trial of adjuvant immunotherapy with sodium dithiocarb (DDC) versus placebo. All patients underwent prior surgery (mammectomy according to Patey) then adjuvant FAC chemotherapy +/- DDC. With a median follow-up of 5 years we observed 6 relapses and 5 deaths in DDC group; 13 relapses and 12 deaths in control group. At 6 years, overall survival is 81% in DDC group versus 55%. Disease free survival (DFS) is 76% in DDC group versus 55%. DDC associated to chemotherapy and locoregional treatment can improve survival and probably DFS in this high risk breast cancer subgroup.

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Biological therapy of breast cancer

Dillman

2009

Principles of Cancer Biotherapy

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Levamisole in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer: A ten-year follow-up of a Randomized Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Levamisole Inhibits Angiogenesis in vitro and Tumor Growth in vivo

Levamisole Inhibits Angiogenesis in vitro and Tumor Growth in vivo

Sodium ditiocarb as adjuvant immunotherapy for high risk breast cancer: A randomized study

Biological therapy of breast cancer

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