Level of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety on Performance of University Kebangsaan Malaysia Athletes

Parnabas, Vincent; Abdullah, Nagoor Meera; Shapie, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed; Parnabas, Julinamary; Mahamood, Yahaya

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-107-7_31

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a related study, it has been found that as the athletes were under higher pressure during a competition, performance decreased 10 , 12 . Parnabas et al 1 analyzed the levels of cognitive anxiety of 106 athletes and reported a strong negative correlation between athletic performance and anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological factors significantly affect the performance during archery compared with other sports. Many skilled archers are not able to perform as well as they usually can owing to tension, anxiety, and stress caused by the actual game 1 . Generally, stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM) system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between salivary alphaamylase, anxiety, and game records in the archery competition

Lim

2016

Journal of Exercise Nutrition &Amp; Biochemistry

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[Purpose]This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological and physiological changes and performance in archery, which is strongly influenced by psychological factors including concentration, tension, anxiety, and stress.[Methods]A total of 19 athletes from women’s colleges who participated in the 30 m individual competition at the 34th President’s Cup National Archery Competition in July 2016 were included in this study. The anxiety levels of the participants were assessed on a 10-point Likert scale, with 1 corresponding to “not at all” and 10 to “extremely anxious.” Saliva samples were collected as follows: 10 min before the game (pre-10), 1 min before the game (pre-1), and 10 min after the game (post-10). Repeated measures general linear model ANOVA was performed to compare the mean values of salivary alpha amylase (sAA) concentrations and anxiety levels. The correlations between sAA, anxiety, and game records were analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation method.[Results]The sAA concentrations increased significantly in pre-1 and post-10, but not in pre-10 samples. Moreover, anxiety levels increased in both pre-1 and post-10 samples, but not in pre-10 samples. Anxiety and sAA were positively correlated (p < 0.01), while sAA and game records, or anxiety and game record were negatively correlated (p < 0.01).[Conclusion]During the archery competition, the level of cognitive anxiety increased, sAA concentrations increased, and performance decreased. The study findings suggest that during archery competitions, anxiety hinders performance, and this effect may be related to the increase in sAA levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between salivary alphaamylase, anxiety, and game records in the archery competition

Lim

2016

Journal of Exercise Nutrition &Amp; Biochemistry

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“…In the LPG, game record (REC) was negatively correlated with anxiety at 30 min after the competition (ANX3), meaning that athletes with worse performance maintained higher levels of anxiety even after the end of the competition. In a previous study that analyzed cognitive anxiety in 106 athletes, there was a strong negative correlation between athletic performance and anxiety 20 . In tennis trials, compared to losers, winners showed significantly lower cognitive anxiety and significantly higher self-confidence before the match 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative analysis of the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase, cortisol levels, and athletes’ performance in archery competitions

Lim

2018

JENB

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[Purpose]This study aimed to analyze the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) changes in athletes showing a high or low level performance in an actual archery competition.[Methods]The participants were female university athletes who participated in the individual 50 m archery competition at the 21st Korean National Archery Team Trials, in July 2018. Based on their game record in the competition, 9 athletes were allocated to the high-performance group (HPG) and another 9 to the low-performance group (LPG). Anxiety caused by the competition was rated on a 1–10 point Likert scale at 30 min before competition (pre-30), 3 min before competition (pre-3), and 30 min after competition (post-30). This assessment method directly measured their cognitive anxiety. Saliva samples were collected in a tube by having the athletes chew on an absorber swab. For data analysis, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed and Pearson’s correlation method was applied to correlate the variables.[Results]In the actual competition, significant difference between the game records of the HPG (mean score 339.5±4.1) and the LPG (mean score 323.3±3.4) was observed. Competitive anxiety showed a significant decrease in the HPG compared to the LPG. Due to the competition, sAA and sC were significantly decreased in the HPG compared to the LPG. Analysis of correlations between competition scores, anxiety, sAA, and sC, revealed that lower anxiety was associated with higher scores in the HPG. Pre-3 anxiety positively correlated with pre-3 sAA and sC. In the LPG, lower scores were associated with persistent anxiety until the completion of the competition. Positive correlations were observed for pre-3 anxiety with post-30 sC, pre-3 sAA with post-30 sAA and sC, and pre-3 cortisol with post-30 sAA.[Conclusion]Increased anxiety in the actual archery competition was associated with significant increase in sAA and sC. Elevated sAA and sC from prior-competition to post-competition stage were associated with reduced performance. Significant correlations between the measured variables (game records, anxiety, sAA, and sC) were associated with worse performance.

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“…Specifically, in elite athletes, various studies report that female athletes with high levels of competitive anxiety have a higher prevalence of pre-competitive anxiety [ 2 , 41 , 69 ], meditation and mindfulness being elements that correlate with better sports performance [ 31 , 34 , 88 ]. In this sense, different studies with athletes have obtained satisfactory results when using mindfulness-based strategies to reduce the effects of competitive anxiety [ 59 , 60 , 87 , 93 ], decrease impulsivity [ 4 , 78 ], and self-control and emotion regulation [ 33 , 87 , 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies with elite athletes of both genders, greater impulsivity is observed in female athletes than in male athletes [ 28 ], though other studies have shown opposite results in not finding significant differences in impulsivity levels according to gender [ 29 ]. In relation to variables such as anxiety, high levels of sensitivity to anxiety show a positive correlation with impulsivity in athletes [ 30 , 31 ]. In this regard, it is the most successful athletes who have better emotional control and self-confidence in stressful situations [ 32 , 33 ], and the greater the athlete’s experience in sports, the fewer their impulsive decisions [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Impulsivity on Competitive Anxiety in Female Athletes: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness Trait

Terres-Barcala

Albaladejo-Blázquez

Aparicio‐Ugarriza

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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It has been demonstrated that athletes in competitive sports suffer from high levels of competitive anxiety, especially in the case of females. In this sense, it is necessary to identify possible risk and protective factors of those athletes in this collective who suffer from this type of anxiety. However, few studies analyze the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and anxiety, identifying the possible mediation effect of trait variables such as impulsivity and mindfulness in female athletes. Hence, the aims of this study were: to determine differences between PA levels with anxiety, mindfulness, and impulsiveness; to identify the predictive value of sociodemographic factors and physical activity, impulsivity, and mindfulness on anxiety factors; and to analyze the possible mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between impulsivity and anxiety. A total of 242 female athletes underwent an assessment of physical activity, anxiety, mindfulness traits, and impulsivity using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed according to (1) individual or collective sport, and (2) PA levels according to energy expended (METs min/day). Participants were grouped by light, moderate, and vigorous PA levels. There were 30.5% elite athletes and 73.2% collective sports athletes. Mean age was 22.1 years and mean light, moderate, and vigorous PA were 86.1 ± 136.2, 114.4 ± 159.8, and 370.1 ± 336.3 METs min/day, respectively. Those athletes performing vigorous PA exhibited lower levels of impulsiveness and higher mindfulness traits. As expected, the mindfulness trait was a mediating factor in the relationship between impulsiveness and each factor of competitive anxiety (cognitive, somatic, and self-efficacy). Female athletes could suffer competitive anxiety, especially those who present higher levels of impulsivity. However, higher levels of mindfulness traits seem to be a protective factor in the effects of impulsivity on anxiety in this population and have demonstrated to be significant mediators in this association. Further studies are needed with other female athletes to replicate these results and to determine the specific protective mechanisms of mindfulness traits in preventing competitive anxiety.

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Level of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety on Performance of University Kebangsaan Malaysia Athletes

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Correlation between salivary alphaamylase, anxiety, and game records in the archery competition

Correlation between salivary alphaamylase, anxiety, and game records in the archery competition

Comparative analysis of the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase, cortisol levels, and athletes’ performance in archery competitions

Effects of Impulsivity on Competitive Anxiety in Female Athletes: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness Trait

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