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[Purpose]This study aimed to analyze the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) changes in athletes showing a high or low level performance in an actual archery competition.[Methods]The participants were female university athletes who participated in the individual 50 m archery competition at the 21st Korean National Archery Team Trials, in July 2018. Based on their game record in the competition, 9 athletes were allocated to the high-performance group (HPG) and another 9 to the low-performance group (LPG). Anxiety caused by the competition was rated on a 1–10 point Likert scale at 30 min before competition (pre-30), 3 min before competition (pre-3), and 30 min after competition (post-30). This assessment method directly measured their cognitive anxiety. Saliva samples were collected in a tube by having the athletes chew on an absorber swab. For data analysis, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed and Pearson’s correlation method was applied to correlate the variables.[Results]In the actual competition, significant difference between the game records of the HPG (mean score 339.5±4.1) and the LPG (mean score 323.3±3.4) was observed. Competitive anxiety showed a significant decrease in the HPG compared to the LPG. Due to the competition, sAA and sC were significantly decreased in the HPG compared to the LPG. Analysis of correlations between competition scores, anxiety, sAA, and sC, revealed that lower anxiety was associated with higher scores in the HPG. Pre-3 anxiety positively correlated with pre-3 sAA and sC. In the LPG, lower scores were associated with persistent anxiety until the completion of the competition. Positive correlations were observed for pre-3 anxiety with post-30 sC, pre-3 sAA with post-30 sAA and sC, and pre-3 cortisol with post-30 sAA.[Conclusion]Increased anxiety in the actual archery competition was associated with significant increase in sAA and sC. Elevated sAA and sC from prior-competition to post-competition stage were associated with reduced performance. Significant correlations between the measured variables (game records, anxiety, sAA, and sC) were associated with worse performance.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ibuprofen supplement on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) by analyzing the maximum muscle strength and indicators of muscle damꠓ age. Eighteen men with majors in physical education were assigned to the Ibuprofen group and placebo group in a double-blinded design, and repeated measurements were conducted. DOMS was induced with an isokinetic exercise. Following Ibuprofen administration, the changes in the knee extension peak torque, flexion peak torque, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were analyzed. The administration of Ibuprofen inhibits the reduction of the extension peak torque and elevation of CK concentrations. Therefore, Ibuprofen might be administered as a supplement to maintain the muscle strength and prevent muscle damage.

Kim, B. R., Im, I. S. Effects of ionized alkali water intake on oxidative stress and its related gene expression induced by acute and exhaustive exercise. Exercise Science, 21(1): 1-10, 2012. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ionized alkali water supplement on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in highly trained high school and college track athletes (n=18). In an single group and cross-over design, all subjects consumed tap water and ionized alkali water for 2 weeks in a random order, and they underwent an acute and exhaustive treadmill running at an intensity of 80% VO2max. Venous blood samples were collected prior to, immediately after, and 2 hr and 24 hr of post-exercise period for the assessment of serum MDA, TNF , and IL-6. In addition, relA α (p65) protein, iNOS mRNA, COX2 mRNA, and IL-6 mRNA were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Two-way mixed ANOVA was applied to determine any significant treatment by time interaction in the measured variables, which was followed by independent t-test for post-hoc analyses if necessary. From the current study, we found that 2 weeks of ionized alkali water supplement suppressed increases in serum MDA, PBMC relA (p65) protein, and PBMC COX2 mRNA expression induced by the acute and exhaustive treadmill exercise in this study population. The findings of the study suggest that ionized alkali water supplement can result in somewhat anti-oxidant effects against free radical and reactive oxygen species occurring during a high intensity and exhaustive exercise.