Levelised cost of electricity for organic photovoltaics

Mulligan, Cara J.; Bilen, Chhinder; Zhou, Xiaojing; Belcher, Warwick J.; Dastoor, Paul C.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.043

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…During the last few years, a lot of effort has been undertaken by the research community around those three pillars toward OPVs commercialization. OPVs with high PCEs and prolonged lifetime have been achieved . However, the combination of PCE, stability and low cost production is still challenging and essential for a feasible commercialization of this technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Copper Nanoparticle Metal Grids for Cost‐Effective ITO‐Free Solution Processed Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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Copper nanoparticle inks have drawn much attention since they have the potential to constitute an alternative cost‐effective solution than other noble metals nanoparticle inks such as Ag for indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free printed electronic applications. Our research and development efforts have produced high conductivity copper nanoparticle inks which have excellent jetting and printing properties resulting in high quality inkjet‐printed (IJP) Cu nanoparticle‐based metal grids. We present ITO‐free, Si‐PCPDTBT: PC[70]BM organic photovoltaics (OPVs) processed in ambient low‐cost fabrication conditions comprising for the first time embedded and non embedded inkjet‐printed copper grid/Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the bottom electrode with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 2.56 and 3.35%, respectively. The results of the ITO‐free OPVs using inkjet‐printed Cu nanoparticle current collecting grids are discussed relevant to reference ITO‐based OPVs with PCE of 4.92%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Copper Nanoparticle Metal Grids for Cost‐Effective ITO‐Free Solution Processed Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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“…The advent of organic photovoltaics has enabled the development of truly low‐cost large area solar cell technology emerging from the ability to manufacture devices using reel‐to‐reel printing . This large‐scale manufacture of printed solar presents new challenges associated with scaling materials and testing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular LED arrays for large area solar simulation

Al-Ahmad

Holdsworth

Vaughan

et al. 2018

Progress in Photovoltaics

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A modular array of light emitting diodes of six different wavelengths is modelled and experimentally tested to provide Class AAA solar simulator illumination over an area of 20 cm2. The module demonstrates uniform distribution of light flux density across the sample test plane region, achieving Class A AM 1.5 G irradiance (100 mW/cm2) across the 400 to 1100‐nm wavelength range. The new system has a spectral match of 99.5%, a spatial non‐uniformity of 2.0%, and a temporal instability of <0.2%. The performance of the design (which will allow for large area simulators to be cheaply assembled from multiple modules) is then critically assessed in terms of the existing solar simulator standards and benchmarked against a conventional simulator.

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“…[7][8][9] This instability translates to power conversion efficiency (PCE) degradation rates above 0.1% h −1 for some MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells, [10] which is orders of magnitude higher than organic photovoltaics (OPVs, ≈10 −3 % h −1 ) [11,12] and proven solar technologies such as c-Si and cadmium indium gallium selenide (CIGS) (<10 −5 % h −1 ), [13] indicating substantial improvements in perovskite reliability are required (Figure 1). [7][8][9] This instability translates to power conversion efficiency (PCE) degradation rates above 0.1% h −1 for some MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells, [10] which is orders of magnitude higher than organic photovoltaics (OPVs, ≈10 −3 % h −1 ) [11,12] and proven solar technologies such as c-Si and cadmium indium gallium selenide (CIGS) (<10 −5 % h −1 ), [13] indicating substantial improvements in perovskite reliability are required (Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Cation Composition on the Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Rolston

Printz

Tracy

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

155

181

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Hybrid perovskites are recently developed photoactive semiconductors that hold great promise for next-generation solar cells, with devices incorporating them reaching certified efficiencies as high as 22.1%. [1] This high performance is coupled with a relative low cost, as perovskites comprise earth-abundant elements that are amenable to deposition from the solution-state by scalable, inexpensive printing processes. [2] Recent work has focused on improving their long-term stability with significant progress being reported in encapsulation techniques and scalability with the production of modulescale devices (100 cm 2 ) exhibiting efficiencies of over 11%. [3][4][5][6] These developments have resulted in efforts to commercialize perovskite solar cells; however, there is still concern over the potential to achieve the 25-year service lifetimes necessary to make perovskites a disruptive technology.Photoactive perovskite semiconductors are highly tunable, with numerous inorganic and organic cations readily incorporated to modify optoelectronic properties. However, despite the importance of device reliability and long service lifetimes, the effects of various cations on the mechanical properties of perovskites are largely overlooked. In this study, the cohesion energy of perovskites containing various cation combinations of methylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, butylammonium, and 5-aminovaleric acid is reported. A trade-off is observed between the mechanical integrity and the efficiency of perovskite devices. High efficiency devices exhibit decreased cohesion, which is attributed to reduced grain sizes with the inclusion of additional cations and PbI 2 additives. Microindentation hardness testing is performed to estimate the fracture toughness of single-crystal perovskite, and the results indicated perovskites are inherently fragile, even in the absence of grain boundaries and defects. The devices found to have the highest fracture energies are perovskites infiltrated into a porous TiO 2 /ZrO 2 /C triple layer, which provide extrinsic reinforcement and shielding for enhanced mechanical and chemical stability. Perovskite Solar CellsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Levelised cost of electricity for organic photovoltaics

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Printed Copper Nanoparticle Metal Grids for Cost‐Effective ITO‐Free Solution Processed Solar Cells

Printed Copper Nanoparticle Metal Grids for Cost‐Effective ITO‐Free Solution Processed Solar Cells

Modular LED arrays for large area solar simulation

Effect of Cation Composition on the Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

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