Levels and patterns of neutrophil cell counts over the first 8 years of life in children of HIV-1-infected mothers

Giaquinto, Carlo; Rampon, Osvalda; Giacomet,; Rossi, A De; Grosch-Wörner, I.; Mok, Jacqueline; Bates, I.; Jos, I de; Hawkins, Federico; García‐Rodriguez, M. C.; Guevara, CL de; Peña, JM; Garcia, J. Gonzalez; Lopez, J. R. Arribas; Asensi-Botet, F.; Otero, M. C.; Pérez-Tamarit, D; Orti, Ana; Miguel, MJ San; Scherpbier, Henriëtte J.; Kreyenbroek, M.; Boer, Kees; Bohlin, A. B.; Belfrage, Erik; Navér, Lars; Levy, Jay A.; Hainaut, Marc; Peltier, Alexandre; Goetghebuer, Tessa; Barlow, Patricia; Ferrazin, Antonio; Bassetti, Dante; Maria, Andrea De; Gotta, Cristina; Mur, Antonio; López-Vílchez, M. Ángeles; Payà, Antoni; Carreras, B; Valerius, NH

doi:10.1097/00002030-200410210-00005

Cited by 87 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several piecewise models (one or more slopes, nodes at different times after cART initiation) were tested for VIRs. The best fit was obtained with a two-slope model with a node at 3 months following cART initiation, in agreement with previous reports [1]–[4]. According to this model, the mean intercept was estimated at 17.03 [16.52–17.55].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), whether started during the primary infection or in the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection, generally leads to a biphasic increase in CD4 T cell counts, with a rapid increase during the first months, followed by a more gradual rise [1]–[4]. At least 80% of patients are expected to achieve viral control after 6 months of treatment, with a median CD4 T cell increase of about 100 CD4/mm 3 [5]–[7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blunted Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controllers: An International HIV Controller Collaboration

Boufassa

Lechenadec²,

Meyer³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveHIV “elite controllers” (ECs) spontaneously control viral load, but some eventually require combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), due to a loss of viral control or a decline in CD4 T-cell counts. Here we studied the CD4 T-cell count dynamics after cART initiation among 34 ECs followed in U.S. and European cohorts, by comparison with chronically viremic patients (VIRs).MethodsECs were defined as patients with at least ≥5 viral load (VL) measurements below 400 copies/mL during at least a 5-year period despite never receiving ART and were selected from the French ANRS CO18 cohort, the U.S. SCOPE cohort, the International HIV Controllers study and the European CASCADE collaboration. VIRs were selected from the ANRS COPANA cohort of recently-diagnosed (<1 year) ART-naïve HIV-1-infected adults. CD4 T-cell count dynamics after cART initiation in both groups were modelled with piecewise mixed linear models.ResultsAfter cART initiation, CD4 T-cell counts showed a biphasic rise in VIRs with: an initial rapid increase during the first 3 months (+0.63/month), followed by +0.19/month. This first rapid phase was not observed in ECs, in whom the CD4Tc count increased steadily, at a rate similar to that of the second phase observed in VIRs. After cART initiation at a CD4 T-cell count of 300/mm3, the estimated mean CD4 T-cell gain during the first 12 months was 139/mm3 in VIRs and 80/mm3 in ECs (p = 0.048).ConclusionscART increases CD4 T-cell counts in elite controllers, albeit less markedly than in other patients.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunted Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controllers: An International HIV Controller Collaboration

Boufassa

Lechenadec²,

Meyer³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…In newborns and in preterm infants, neutrophils display qualitative defects including impaired migration to inflammed sites and lower production of antimicrobial peptides such as the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (57). Although the functionality of neutrophils in HEU newborns has not been studied, various studies have reported prolonged neutropenia in HEU infants exposed to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that could persist up to 24 months of age (58–60). …”

Section: Impact Of Heu Infants’ Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcus Invasive Infection in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants: A Review of the Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

et al. 2016

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and mortality worldwide. Studies from both developed and developing countries have shown that HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at increased risk of infectious morbidity, as compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUU). A higher susceptibility to GBS infections has been reported in HEU infants, particularly late-onset diseases and more severe manifestations of GBS diseases. We review here the possible explanations for increased susceptibility to GBS infection. Maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy is a major risk factor for early-onset GBS invasive disease, but colonization rates are not higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected pregnant women, while selective colonization with more virulent strains in HIV-infected women is suggested in some studies. Lower serotype-specific GBS maternal antibody transfer and quantitative and qualitative defects of innate immune responses in HEU infants may play a role in the increased risk of GBS invasive disease. The impact of maternal antiretroviral treatment and its consequences on immune activation in HEU newborns are important to study. Maternal immunization presents a promising intervention to reduce GBS burden in the growing HEU population.

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“…Several studies have addressed the alteration of the neutrophil compartment in HEU infants. A telling example is that of an European collaborative study which reported that exposure to ARV does not affects HEU children neutrophils count during the first months of life (27). This is consistent with our present data and further reinforces the notion that neutrophil counts might not be a reliable early indicator of the defective immune system of HEU infants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cases of Impaired Oxidative Burst in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants’ Neutrophils—A Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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An increased risk of serious bacterial infections in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants has been demonstrated. Although neutrophils are essential for the protection of infants against bacterial infections, no study has investigated their profile in HEU infants to date. In this study, we assessed the function of neutrophils in HEU infants using the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Among 25 HEU infants, 9 (36%) showed a reduced ability of their neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species upon stimulation with bacteria. No alteration of total neutrophil counts was noted in the blood of HEU infants indicating that the alteration observed in the 36% of HEU infants may only be functional. Conclusively, impaired neutrophil function could be a factor of vulnerability in HEU infants.

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Levels and patterns of neutrophil cell counts over the first 8 years of life in children of HIV-1-infected mothers

Cited by 87 publications

References 20 publications

Blunted Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controllers: An International HIV Controller Collaboration

Blunted Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controllers: An International HIV Controller Collaboration

Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcus Invasive Infection in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants: A Review of the Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Cases of Impaired Oxidative Burst in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants’ Neutrophils—A Pilot Study

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