Levels and Trends of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Spanish Commercial Fish and Shellfish Products, 1995−2003

Gómara, Belén; Bordajandi, Luisa R.; Fernández, M. A.; Herrero, Laura; Abad, Esteban; Ábalos, Manuela; Rivera, J.; González, María José

doi:10.1021/jf050835z

Cited by 64 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This suggests that the profile observed in our samples is caused by the profile in the sediment and particulate matter at the harvest location of the mussels, although there are no data available to confirm this. The profile reported by Gomara et al [29] on mussel samples from the Spanish market were very similar to our data. Bayarri et al [28] reported a different pattern (2,3,4,7,3,7,8-TCDF as almost the only PCDD/F congeners present) in mussels from the Adriatic Sea, which is characteristic for that location as was also observed in other fish.…”

Section: Congener Profile Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Fish from Dutch markets were analysed for concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) and compared with the new European maximum residue levels (MRLs), set in 2006. In a first study on 11 different fish and shellfish from various locations, concentrations of PCDD/Fs were nearly all below the MRL for PCDD/Fs [4 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) per gram wet weight (ww)] and nearly all below 8 pg total TEQ/g ww, the new MRL for the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. Some samples exceeded the total TEQ MRL, such as anchovy, tuna and sea bass. Furthermore, 20 (out of 39) wild eel samples exceeded the specific MRL for eel (12 pg total TEQ/g ww), as the study revealed PCDD/F TEQ levels of 0.2-7.9 pg TEQ/g ww and total TEQ values of 0.9 to 52 pg/g ww. TEQ levels in farmed and imported eel were lower and complied with the MRLs. Smoking eel, a popular tradition in the Netherlands, only had marginal effects on PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations. Owing to volatilization, concentrations of lowerchlorinated PCBs were reduced to below the limit of quantification after smoking. DL-PCBs contributed 61-97% to the total TEQ in all eel samples. This also holds for other fish and shellfish (except shrimps): DL-PCB contributed (on average) from 53 (herring) to 83% (tuna) to the total TEQ. Principal-component analysis revealed distinctive congener profiles for PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs for mussels, pikeperch, herring and various Mediterranean fish. The application of new TCDD toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) set by the World Health Organization in 2006 (to replace the 1997 TEFs) resulted in lower TEQ values, mainly owing to a decreased mono-ortho PCB contribution. This decrease is most pronounced for eel, owing to the relative high monoortho PCB concentrations in eel. Consequently, a larger number of samples would comply with the MRLs when the new TEFs are applied. The DR CALUX® assay may be used for screening total TEQ levels in eel, in combination with gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry confirmation of suspected samples. An almost 1:1 correlation was found when the 1997 TEFs were applied, but, surprisingly, a 1.4-fold overestimation occurred with application of the 2006 TEFs.

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Section: Congener Profile Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…The levels found are similar to of the levels reported by the other European countries (Table 1) (Kiviranta et al, 2001;Schmid et al, 2002;Fernandez et al, 2004;Papadopoulus et al, 2004;Baars et al, 2004;Gomara et al, 2005;Fattore et al, 2006;Tard et al, 2007) ). The cow cheese samples were divided according to their country of origin, resulting in four composite samples.…”

Section: Levels Of Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs In Belgian Foodsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tThe World Health Organization recommends assessing human exposure to contaminants on a regular basis. In order to assess the current dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs and to update exposure estimates of 2000-2001, a total diet study was designed. The mean dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the Belgian adult population in 2008 was estimated to be 0.72 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 (middle bound concentrations, TEF of 1998) based on occurrence data of 2008 and national food consumption data of 2004. This value is clearly below the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) of 14 pg TEQ kgbw À1 week À1 set by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission and below the provisional tolerable monthly intake of 70 pg TEQ kgbw À1 month À1 set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Considering the cumulative distribution, the intake was less than 1 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 for more than 80% of the population, and less than 2 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 for the entire population. When using the 2005 TEF instead of the 1998 TEF, the mean dietary intake in the Belgian adult population was estimated to be 0.61 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 .

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“…Diet is estimated to account for the majority of human exposure to POPs (Gasull et al, 2011;Gomara et al, 2005;Llobet et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and predictors of persistent organic pollutants in an adult population from four Spanish regions

Fernández-Rodríguez

Arrebola

Artacho‐Cordón

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Levels and Trends of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Spanish Commercial Fish and Shellfish Products, 1995−2003

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

Levels and predictors of persistent organic pollutants in an adult population from four Spanish regions

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