Levels of depression in transgender people and its predictors: Results of a large matched control study with transgender people accessing clinical services

Witcomb, Gemma L.; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Claes, Laurence; Brewin, Nicola; Crawford, John R.; Arcelus, Jon

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.051

Cited by 137 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The current study found that transgender people who had not undergone any gender affirming medical interventions reported worse outcomes on all GCLS subscales, the global scale, and two clusters than both cisgender people and transgender people who had taken cross-sex hormone treatment and undergone genital surgery (C / -chest reconstructive surgery). These findings support previous research that has shown patients to report less distress with their gender, lower levels of body dissatisfaction, better mental well-being, and greater life satisfaction after they had undergone gender affirming surgery (e.g., Dhejne et al, 2016;Jones et al, 2016;Marinkovic and Newfield, 2017;Marshall et al, 2016;Murad et al, 2010;van de Grift et al, 2018;Witcomb et al, 2018). This study also found that transgender males who had not undergone any gender affirming medical intervention reported worse outcomes on the chest, other secondary sex characteristics, social gender role recognition, psychological functioning, and life satisfaction subscales of the GCLS, as well as the global scale and the two clusters, than transgender males who had taken cross-sex hormone treatment and undergone chest reconstructive surgery.…”

Section: Research Utility Of the Gclssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

Jones

Bouman²,

Haycraft

et al. 2018

International Journal of Transgenderism

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It is vital that the treatment offered at transgender health services can be evaluated to ensure a high quality of care. However, the tools currently used to evaluate treatment at transgender health services are limited by mainly focusing on mental health or because they have been developed for binary transgender people only. This study therefore aimed to develop and validate a tool that addresses these limitations. The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS) was developed through reviewing the literature, conducting interviews with transgender people, and holding discussions with experts working in transgender healthcare. An initial pool of items was developed and feedback on these was obtained. The tool was then validated.For the validation of the tool, a total of 789 participants (451 transgender [171 transgender females, 147 transgender males, 133 people identifying as non-binary], and 338 cisgender [254 females, 84 males]) were recruited from the United Kingdom to test the factor structure and validity of the GCLS.Exploratory factor analysis retained 38 items which formed seven subscales (psychological functioning; genitalia; social gender role recognition; physical and emotional intimacy; chest; other secondary sex characteristics; and life satisfaction). These seven subscales were found to have good internal consistency and convergent validity. The GCLS was also found to be capable of discriminating between groups (e.g., people who have and have not undergone gender affirming medical interventions). Transgender and cisgender subscale norms are provided for the GCLS.The GCLS is a suitable tool to use with the transgender population to measure healthrelated outcomes for both clinical and research purposes.

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Section: Research Utility Of the Gclssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

Jones

Bouman²,

Haycraft

et al. 2018

International Journal of Transgenderism

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“…Transgender suicide attempt rates, for example, are nine times the national average (45), often worst among transmasculine youth (46). Predictors of depression among transgender people, exacerbated by intersections of race, gender, class, and sexuality (47), include minority stress, low self-esteem, overt discrimination and victimization, lack of social support, and little or no access to medical transition technologies where desired (48)(49)(50). Given higher rates of depression and lower rates of physical activity (51), the study of curiosity within trans populations requires further study (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistent curiosity: Augmentation and blunting of curiosity in daily life and implications for well-being

Lydon‐Staley¹,

Zurn²,

Ds³

2018

Preprint

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Curiosity promotes focused engagement in novel and challenging situations and the accruement of resources that promote well-being. A critical open question is the extent to which curiosity lability, the degree to which curiosity fluctuates over short timescales, impacts well-being. We use data from a 21-day daily diary protocol as well as trait measures collected prior to the daily diary in 167 participants (mean age = 25.37 years, SD = 7.34) to test (i) the importance of curiosity lability for depression, flourishing, and life satisfaction, (ii) day-to-day associations among curiosity and happiness, depressed mood, anxiety, and physical activity, and (iii) the extent to which day’s mood acts as a mediator between day’s physical activity and day’s curiosity. Regression analyses indicate positive associations among curiosity lability and depression, as well as negative associations among curiosity lability and life satisfaction, above and beyond trait curiosity. No evidence for an association between curiosity lability and flourishing emerge when controlling for trait curiosity. Multilevel model results indicate that curiosity is higher on days of greater happiness and physical activity, and that curiosity is lower on days of greater depressed mood. We observe no association between curiosity and anxiety. Multilevel mediation models indicate evidence consistent with day’s depressed mood and happiness as mediators between physical activity and curiosity. In sum, we find that greater consistency in curiosity is associated with well-being, identify several sources of augmentation and blunting of curiosity in daily life, and provide support for purported mechanisms linking physical activity to curiosity via mood.

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“…Dissatisfaction with one's birth assigned sex can lead to loneliness and psychological problems (Dhejne et al, 2016;Februari, 2013;Keuzenkamp, 2012;Keuzenkamp & Kuyper, 2013;Testa et al, 2017). Furthermore, prevalence of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in transgender individuals exceeds the prevalence of these conditions in the general population (Bouman et al, 2017;Keuzenkamp, 2012;Witcomb et al, 2018), and both trans men and trans women show an increased prevalence of suicide attempts (Perez-Brumer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences with stigmatization among transgender individuals after transition: A qualitative study in the Netherlands

Verbeek

Hommes

Stutterheim

et al. 2020

International Journal of Transgender Health

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Background: Transgender individuals belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in society. Although the social stigma of transgender individuals has been examined many times, post transition stigma experiences among transgender individuals have received limited research attention. The aim of this study was to examine experiences with stigmatization among Dutch transgender individuals after their transition. Method: Ten trans women (age: M ¼ 58.50, SD ¼ 9.49) and 10 trans men (age: M ¼ 42.90, SD ¼ 13.62) participated in face-to-face semistructured interviews. Grounded theory was used to conceptualize and analyze the data. We examined the positive and negative reactions that transgender individuals experienced in the period after their transition. Furthermore, we explored differences between experiences of trans men and trans women. Finally, we examined differences between cisgender men and women regarding their reactions toward transgender individuals. Results: Participants reported improved psychological well-being since transition. However, they still experienced different forms of stigmatization. Trans women appeared to experience stronger social stigma than trans men. Trans women also experienced lower social status after their transition. They mainly experienced negative responses from cisgender men. Participants emphasized the importance of social and peer support. Conclusion: The current study findings demonstrate the presence of stigmatization after transition and argue for psychological aftercare. Social and peer support appeared to be important for coping with stigmatization, and improving the social network of transgender individuals is beneficial. Health providers and researchers are recommended to promote the development of constructive coping skills for transgender individuals with interventions especially targeting trans women.

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Levels of depression in transgender people and its predictors: Results of a large matched control study with transgender people accessing clinical services

Cited by 137 publications

References 87 publications

The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

Inconsistent curiosity: Augmentation and blunting of curiosity in daily life and implications for well-being

Experiences with stigmatization among transgender individuals after transition: A qualitative study in the Netherlands

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