The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

Jones, Beth; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Haycraft, Emma; Arcelus, Jon

doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1453425

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…More recently, a new scale has emerged, the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS) which includes measurement of gender congruence, mental health and quality of life and has similar advantages with the TCS, but the Swedish version of the scale has not yet been validated 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting

Iliadis

Axfors

Friberg

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) is a non-binary tool used in Sweden for gender dysphoria (GD) assessment; however, its Swedish version has not been validated. To investigate the psychometric properties of the TCS, its capacity to distinguish individuals with GD and its concurrent validity compared to other scales. Patients with GD (n = 135) and controls (n = 443) filled in a questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions, the TCS, the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale (UGDS), and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA). TCS had good discriminatory validity and internal consistency. Patients with GD, stratified by birth-assigned sex, had lower TCS scores compared to controls. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor model of the TCS. Multiple-group CFA suggested measurement invariance between birth-assigned sexes and configural invariance between patients with GD and controls. Area under the ROC curve for birth-assigned males was 0.991 and for females 0.994. A TCS mean value of three provided sensitivity 94.3% and 95.1% as well as specificity 98.6% and 98% for aM and aF, respectively. The TCS was significantly correlated to UGDS and GIDYQ-AA. The TCS may be a valuable tool in the clinical assessment of individuals with GD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting

Iliadis

Axfors

Friberg

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In studies of trans youth, intrapersonal gender dysphoria is often a sampling characteristic rather than an observed and measured construct; that is, samples have often been recruited at gender clinics that serve trans youth who present with gender dysphoria (Jones, Bouman, Haycraft, & Arcelus, 2019). As such, intrapersonal gender dysphoria is often the target of interventions (social, medical, psychological) that aim to reduce psychopathology among trans populations, yet gender dysphoria is rarely evaluated empirically in studies (Jones et al, 2019). However, research does suggest that receiving affirming treatment reduces compromised mental health outcomes among trans youth (for a review, see Weiselberg et al, 2019).…”

Section: An Adapted Model Of Gender Minority Stress For Trans Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Toomey

2021

Child Dev Perspectives

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Transgender and nonbinary children and adolescents bear a disproportionate level of poor health, and adverse developmental and academic outcomes compared to their cisgender peers. In this article, I review evidence from recent research on minority stress and resilience among trans youth and advocate for two additional domains to be included when studying the experiences of trans youth from a minority stress perspective. I describe the variability across sexual‐minority and gender‐minority youth in experiences of minority stress across and within contexts. I advocate for explicit attention in minority stress models with gender‐minority youth to the domains of (a) intrapersonal and interpersonal gender dysphoria, and (b) access and use of affirmative and comprehensive health care.

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“…Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS; Jones, Bouman, Haycraft, & Arcelus, 2019a): The GCLS aims to measure changes in gender (in)congruence, body satisfaction, mental health, and life satisfaction in transgender people. Participants are invited to rate their responses on a 5-point Likert scale (always=1; never=5).…”

Section: Measures To Assess Mental Health and Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and quality of life in non-binary transgender adults: a case control study

Jones

Bouman

Haycraft

et al. 2019

International Journal of Transgenderism

Self Cite

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Background:The social challenges that non-binary people experience, due in part to social intolerance and the lack of validation of non-binary gender identities, may affect the mental health and quality of life of this population. However, studies that have distinguished between non-binary and binary transgender identities are lacking.Objective: To compare the mental health and quality of life of a community sample of nonbinary transgender adults with controls (binary transgender people and cisgender people) matched on sex assigned at birth. Method:A total of 526 participants were included. Ninety-seven were classified as non-binary and were compared with two control groups: 91 people classified as binary and 338 cisgender people. Only transgender people not on gender affirming hormone treatment or who had not undergone gender affirming surgery were included. Participants were invited to complete an online survey that included mental health and quality of life measures.Results: Non-binary people reported significantly better mental health than binary transgender people, but worse than cisgender people. Overall, there were no significant differences in quality of life between non-binary and binary transgender participants assigned male at birth and transgender females, but non-binary assigned males at birth had better scores on the psychological and social domains of quality of life than transgender males. Quality of life was better across all domains in cisgender people than transgender groups. Conclusion:There is an inequality with regard to mental health and quality of life between non-binary (and binary) transgender people and the cisgender population that needs to be addressed. The better mental health scores in non-binary people may reflect lower levels of body dissatisfaction among the non-binary population. Mental health problems and poor quality of life are likely to have social causes and hence legislative measures and broader government-led inclusive directives should be put in place to recognize and to validate nonbinary identifying people.

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The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS): Development and validation of a scale to measure outcomes from transgender health services

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting

Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting

Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Mental health and quality of life in non-binary transgender adults: a case control study

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