Levels of mineral mixture and urea in supplementation of crossbred heifers, with Gyr predominance, reared at pasture during the dry season

Mendonça, Bruno Pietsch Cunha; Lana, Rogério de Paula; Mancio, Antonio Bento; Detmann, Edênio; Barbosa, Analívia Martins; Guimarães, Geicimara

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982010001000025

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The final database was developed using data from 61 studies ( n = 230 treatment means) of dairy heifers ( n = 1513 heifers). A list of the selected studies is provided in Supplementary Material S1 (Table S1 [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

Busanello

Sousa

Mendonça

et al. 2021

Animals

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Several models for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) of replacement dairy heifers have been developed; however, only a few have been evaluated using data from heifers of different breeds raised under tropical conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DMI equations for dairy heifers managed under tropical conditions. A total of 230 treatment means from 61 studies using dairy heifers (n = 1513 heifers, average body weight = 246 kg) were used. The animals were grouped into two groups based on their genetics: (1) Bos taurus (Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Holstein × Jersey) and (2) crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus). Seven previously published DMI equations (HH, HHJ, QUI, STA, 2001 NRC, OFLin, and OFNLin) for heifers were evaluated using mean bias, slope bias, mean squared prediction errors (MSPE) and its decomposition, and other model evaluation statistics. For Bos taurus heifers, our results indicated that OFNLin and HHJ had lower mean bias (0.13 and 0.16 kg/d, respectively) than other models. There was no significant slope or mean bias for HHJ and OFNLin (p > 0.05), indicating agreement between the observed and predicted DMI values. All other models had a significant mean bias (p < 0.05), whereas the QUI model also presented a significant slope bias (p < 0.02). For crossbred heifers, the STA equation was the only one that did not present mean and slope bias significance (p > 0.05). All other DMI models had significant mean bias when evaluated using crossbred data (p < 0.04), and QUI, OFLin, and OFNLin also presented significant slope bias (p < 0.01). Based on our results, predictions from OFNLin and HHJ best represented the observed DMI of Bos taurus heifers (MSPE ≤ 1.25 kg2/d2, mean bias ≤ 0.16 kg/d), whereas STA was the best model for crossbred heifers (MSPE = 1.25 kg2/d2, mean bias = 0.09 kg/d). These findings indicate that not all available models are adequate for estimating the DMI of dairy heifers managed under a tropical climate, with HHJ and OFNLin for Bos taurus and STA for crossbreds being the most suitable models for DMI prediction. There is evidence that models from Bos taurus heifers could be used to estimate the DMI of heifers under tropical conditions. For heifer ration formulation is necessary to consider that DMI is influenced by breed, diet, management, and climate. Future work should also include animal genetic and environmental variables for the prediction of DMI in dairy heifers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

Busanello

Sousa

Mendonça

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…However, heifer rearing has often been neglected by producers, and food with low nutritional quality has been supplied, which negatively affects the growth and subsequent productive lives of animals (Signoretti et al, 2012). According to Mendonça et al (2010), in dairy heifer rearing, a diet based on only pasture and mineral mix provided an average daily gain of 0.071 kg, which is lower than that required for productive optimization, mainly due to the insufficient supply of crude protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Performance of Holstein-Gyr crossbred heifers on pasture of <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> supplemented with multiple supplement or proteined salt

Santos

Lana

Teixeira

2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the performance, efficiency and economic viability of different supplements for dairy heifers on Brachiaria decumbens pasture. Twelve heifers with 186 ± 30.5 kg average weight were divided in three groups of four animals. The treatments were mineral salt ad libitum; 0.4 kg animal multiple supplement. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with the contrasts considered significant at 5% probability. There was greater (p < 0.05) body weight and higher daily weight gain in animals supplemented with proteined salt or multiple supplement, compared to supplemented with mineral salt. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in any of the performance parameters between proteined salt and multiple supplement. The use efficiency was 1.31 and 0.61 for proteined salt and multiple supplement, respectively. The cost per kg weight gain in treatments with mineral salt, proteined salt and multiple supplement was R$ 0.67, R$ 0.68 and R$ 1.25, respectively. The use of proteined salt or multiple supplement provides superior performance than mineral salt in crossbred heifers. However, the proteined salt has higher utilization efficiency and economic advantage.Keywords: agrosilvipastoral system, crossbred cows, protein supplementation. de mistura múltipla. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, sendo os contrastes considerados significativos a 5% de probabilidade. Houve maior (p < 0,05) peso corporal e maior ganho de peso diário dos animais suplementados com sal proteinado ou mistura múltipla, em comparação aos suplementados com sal mineral. Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) entre sal proteinado e mistura múltipla em nenhum dos parâmetros de desempenho. A eficiência de uso foi de 1,31 e 0,61 para sal proteinado e mistura múltipla, respectivamente. O custo por kg de peso ganho nos tratamentos sal mineral, sal proteinado e mistura múltipla foi R$ 0,67, R$ 0,78 e R$ 1,25, respectivamente. A utilização de sal proteinado ou mistura múltipla proporciona desempenho superior ao sal mineral na alimentação de novilhas girolandas. Porém, a utilização de sal proteinado apresenta maior eficiência e vantagem econômica. Desempenho de novilhas Girolandas em pasto dePalavras-chave: sistema agrossilvipastoril, vaca mestiça, suplementação proteica.

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Performance, hepatic function and efficiency of nutrient utilisation of grazing dairy cows supplemented with alkaline-treated Jatropha curcas L. meal

et al. 2018

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Jatropha meal is an emergent source of protein for ruminant feed, but the presence mainly of phorbol esters limits its use. We hypothesised that alkaline treatment of Jatropha curcas L. meal will reduce phorbol esters and allow its use as a concentrate supplement for dairy cows. We evaluated the effects of four levels of Jatropha meal treated with 70 g of sodium hydroxide/kg [JMT; 0.145 mg phorbol ester g/kg dry matter (DM)] in a concentrate supplement (0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg DM; 4 kg cow/day as fed) on performance and efficiency of nutrient utilisation in grazing dairy cows. The alkaline treatment reduced the phorbol esters content of the toxic Jatropha meal by 67.7%. The JMT level linearly reduced the supplement intake (P < 0.01), but it did not affect pasture intake (P = 0.73) or blood hepatic transaminase (P > 0.10). As a result, the JMT level linearly reduced apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility (P ≤ 0.05), ruminal microbial protein synthesis (P = 0.05) and milk yield (P < 0.01). However, it did not affect milk composition (P > 0.05) and nitrogen balance (P = 0.29). Alkaline treatment substantially reduces the phorbol ester in Jatropha meal by 67.7%, but its inclusion in supplements reduces diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows.

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Levels of mineral mixture and urea in supplementation of crossbred heifers, with Gyr predominance, reared at pasture during the dry season

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

<b>Performance of Holstein-Gyr crossbred heifers on pasture of <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> supplemented with multiple supplement or proteined salt

Performance, hepatic function and efficiency of nutrient utilisation of grazing dairy cows supplemented with alkaline-treated Jatropha curcas L. meal

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