“…In this sense, MPA is associated with anxiety suffered before, during and after musical performance, either as a soloist or as a member of a group, regardless of the type of musical instrument (Barbar, Crippa, & Osorio, 2014a; Brodsky, 1996; Gerling & Dos Santos, 2015; Papageorgi, Hallam, & Welch, 2007; Ryan & Andrews, 2009). As in other anxiety disorders, it manifests itself at a cognitive, motor and physiological level (Herrera, Jorge & Lorenzo, 2015); the repercussions on the physiological level are particularly significant, since they can directly affect the quality of a musical interpretation (Guven, 2015; Studer, Danusera, Hildebrandt, Arial, & Gomez, 2011). These components are not highly connected with one another in musicians who display low levels of performance anxiety, but they are highly interrelated in other cases.…”