Levels of neutrophil gelatinase-assosciated lipocalin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian population from Haryana state

Abstract

AIMTo study the levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).METHODSThis was a non randomized case control study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Regional Cancer Center over a period of one year. The study population included 50 adult newly diagnosed HNSCC patients reporting in outpatient department at Regional Cancer Center and compared with 50 healthy controls. NGAL was estimated by ELISA technique. Student t test and χ2 test were applied for comparison of means of study groups. Correlations between groups were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) formula.RESULTSPatients with HNSCC exhibited significantly increased levels of NGAL (P < 0.05) as compared to healthy controls (978.88 ± 261.39 ng/mL vs 34.83 ± 7.59 ng/mL). Out of 50, 26 patients (52%) were in stage IV, 21 (42%) in stage III, 1 (2%) patient in stage II and 2 (4%) patients were in stage I. Metastasis was absent in 98% patients and mean NGAL levels were highest in these patients but P value was not significant. Mean NGAL levels were highest in stage IV [1041.54 ± 222.15 ng/mL (stage IV) vs 1040 ± 0.00 ng/mL (stage I); 900 ± 0.00 ng/mL (stage II) and 1031.90 ± 202.55 ng/mL (stage III)] and χ2 test was highly significant (P < 0.001). Thirty-six patients (72%) were having moderately differentiated HNSCC and mean NGAL levels were maximum in patients with well differentiated HNSCC (1164 ± 315.64 ng/mL vs 1013.33 ± 161.19 ng/mL in moderately differentiated and 890 ± 11.55 ng/mL in poorly differentiated) and the results were also highly significant (P < 0.001, χ2 test).CONCLUSIONThe present work demonstrates a potential role of NGAL as cancer biomarker and its use in monitoring the HNSCC progression.

Bioinformatic analysis of the LCN2–SLC22A17–MMP9 network in cancer: The role of DNA methylation in the modulation of tumor microenvironment

“…Interestingly, the expression of both LNC2 and MMP9 genes was increased in 16 tumor types, demonstrating Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology frontiersin.org their involvement in tumor development. This result was consistent with those reported in the literature for several tumors, including BLCA (Ricci et al, 2015;Candido et al, 2016b), CESC (Li et al, 2012), CHOL (Leelawat et al, 2011;Nair et al, 2018;, ESCA (Zhang et al, 2007), HNSC (Ruokolainen et al, 2005;Hiromoto et al, 2011;Stanciu et al, 2016;Verma et al, 2017), KIRP (Cho et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2015), LIHC (Chen et al, 2012;Abdelsameea et al, 2020), LUAD (Ruiz-Morales et al, 2015), OV (Cho and Kim, 2009;Gupta et al, 2022); PAAD (Kaur et al, 2013), STAD (Du et al, 2011), UCEC (Cymbaluk-Płoska et al, 2017), COAD (Yang et al, 2014;Ozemir et al, 2016;Liang and Chang, 2018), LUSC (Lee et al, 2015), PRAD (Ma et al, 2017;Muşlu et al, 2017;Ulusoy et al, 2021), READ (Zhang et al, 2009;Annaházi et al, 2016), and THCA (Barresi et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2019). Despite many authors reporting that LNC2 and MMP9 were widely associated with worse prognosis in several tumors, our in silico analysis revealed that the OS and PFI were simultaneously negatively affected by both genes only in KIRC patients.…”