Levels of selected analytes in the emissions of “heat not burn” tobacco products that are relevant to assess human health risks

Abstract

Consumers of combustible cigarettes are exposed to many different toxicologically relevant substances associated with negative health effects. Newly developed “heat not burn” (HNB) devices are able to contain lower levels of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs) in their emissions compared to tobacco cigarettes. However, to develop toxicological risk assessment strategies, further independent and standardized investigations addressing HPHC reduction need to be done. Therefore, we generated emissions of a commercially available HNB product following the Health Canada Intense smoking regimen and analyzed total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine, water, aldehydes, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are major contributors to health risk. We show that nicotine yield is comparable to typical combustible cigarettes, and observe substantially reduced levels of aldehydes (approximately 80–95%) and VOCs (approximately 97–99%). Emissions of TPM and nicotine were found to be inconsistent during the smoking procedure. Our study confirms that levels of major carcinogens are markedly reduced in the emissions of the analyzed HNB product in relation to the conventional tobacco cigarettes and that monitoring these emissions using standardized machine smoking procedures generates reliable and reproducible data which provide a useful basis to assess exposure and human health risks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00204-018-2215-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products – a systematic review

“…Independent studies by Farsalinos et al [9] and Bekki et al [21] showed that IQOS sticks contained 70-80% of the nicotine concentration found in conventional cigarettes. Davis and to determine the composition of, and the potential health risk from, the polymer-film filter of IQOS sticks 4 IQOS devices, IQOS sticks (strong menthol); 5 running conditions incorporating 2 different cleaning protocols; a visual and stereomicroscopic inspection of IQOS sticks pre-use and post-use to determine the extent of tobacco plug charring (from pyrolysis) and polymer-film filter melting, and to elucidate the effects of cleaning on charring; unused polymer-film filters were evaluated by gas chromatographymass spectrometry headspace analysis to determine emissions of potential toxic chemicals during filter heating -the use of 1 IQOS stick left a significant amount of debris, fluid and fragments of cast-leaf in the device holder the implementation of manufacturer's cleaning instructions increased charring of the tobacco plug and melting of the polymer-film the heat produced by the device was enough to cause charring of the tobacco plug via pyrolysis and melting of the polymer-film filter formaldehyde cyanohydrin was released from the polymer-film filter at 90°C (which is well below the maximum temperature reached during normal usage) [25] and (2017) [26] to evaluate emissions of submicronic particles (SMPs) arising from the "real use" of a conventional cigarette, a hand-rolled cigarette, an e-cigarette, and IQOS, as well as to estimate the dose of SMPs deposited in the respiratory system of individuals (3 months to 21 years of age) exposed to secondhand smoke 4 adult smokers, aged 37-60; a model smoking room 52.7 m2, 3 smoking sessions (1 cigarette or IQOS stick each) with 1-h intervals for each smoking device; doses deposited in the respiratory system of passive smokers were estimated using a multiple-path particle dosimetry model -both tested non-combustion devices (an e-cigarette and IQOS) emitted submicronic particles particle emissions from IQOS were higher than from an e-cigarette during IQOS use, 1-h interval between sessions, particle values were higher, compared to the baseline, during e-cigarette use, 1-h intervals between sessions were sufficient to allow particle decay to reach baseline values an estimated uptake of passive smokers decreased with age; higher doses were estimated for traditional cigarettes compared to non-combustion devices a reduction of harmful constituents results from the lower temperature of HTPs during their use, rather than from the heating stick ingredients [33] chemical evaluation of smoke generated during IQOS use with the contents of smoke from conventional cigarettes emission of a commercially available HTP (IQOS), following the HCI regime; analysis of the particulate matter (TPM), nicotine, water, aldehydes, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs); a linear smoking machine, 12 puffs (4 intervals of 3 puffs each) -nicotine yield was comparable to traditional combustible cigarettes a substantial reduction in the levels of aldehydes (approx. 80-95%) and VOCs (approx.…”

“…80-95%) and volatile organic compounds (approx. 97-99%) in the IQOS aerosol compared to cigarette smoke [33]. Pacitto et al also showed lower volatile and non-volatile particle concentrations in the mainstream IQOS aerosols compared to traditional cigarette smoke [20].…”

“…The tobacco industry claims that during HTP use, emissions of toxic chemicals are reduced due to the lower working temperature of the devices [13][14][15]23,24]. The results of independent studies suggest that toxic compounds are not completely removed from the HTP aerosol and these products are still not risk-free (Table 1) [7,19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Uchiyama et al compared the chemical composition of the aerosol from all 3 available heated tobacco products: IQOS with 4 different heat sticks, glo with 3 different heat sticks, and Ploom TECH with 3 different tobacco capsules, with smoke generated from 2 different reference cigarettes [7].…”

“…Heated tobacco products generated fewer chemical compounds compared to traditional cigarettes, except for water, propylene glycol, glycerol, and acetol, where the concentration in mainstream smoke was higher in heated tobacco than in traditional cigarettes [7,27]. Numerous studies, both independent and industry sponsored, have shown that the levels of nicotine contained in the aerosol released by HTPs (both regular and menthol versions) were 70-80% as those of conventional combustion cigarettes [15,27,29,33,36]. Farsalinos et al reported that HTPs delivered nicotine to the aerosol at levels higher than e-cigarettes [9].…”

Tabakerhitzer als neues Produkt der Tabakindustrie: Gesundheitliche Risiken

“…Gehalte an ausgesuchten Analyten im Hauptstromrauch eines Tabakerhitzers und konventioneller Zigaretten. Es sind jeweils die höchsten und niedrigsten Werte angegeben, die von Mallock et al[15] in 2 verschiedenen Sorten Tabaksticks sowie von Counts et al[18] in konventio-nellenZigarettengefundenwurden.InSpalte5istdieReduktionderAnalytenimHauptstromrauch des Tabakerhitzers im Vergleich zu konventionellen Zigaretten in % dargestellt…”